Abstract: Genetic evolutionary distances of 16 species of Aconitum L.were tested using karyotype parameters and the clustering analysis of karyotype resemblance-near coefficient.Results showed that the biggest karyotype resemblance-near coefficient(λ=0.9971) and the smallest evolutionary distance(D_e=0.0029) between A.ciliare DC.and A.arcuatum Maxim.indicating the closest relationship,and the minimum karyotype resemblance-near coefficient(λ=0.3531) and the maximum evolutionary distance(D_e=1.0411) between A.sinomontanum var.angustius and A.sungpanense Hand.-Mazz.indicating the furthermost distant relationship.There was the biggest evolutionary distance between diploid and tetraploid.The clustering analysis disagreed partially with the phylogeny results based on the morphology of these species.These results provide a scientific reference for resources utilization,taxonomy and phylogeny research of Aconitum L.genus.

Key words: Aconitum L., Karyotype, Resemblance-near coefficient, Cluster analysis, Evolutionary distance

摘要： 应用核型似近系数聚类分析方法研究了我国16种乌头属(Aconitum L.)植物的亲缘关系,并计算物种间的核型进化距离,以期为该属的分类提供一个新的重要指标。结果表明:卷毛蔓乌头(A. ciliare DC.)与弯枝乌头(A. arcuatum Maxim.)核型似近系数最大(0.9971),核型进化距离最小(0.0029),亲缘关系最近;狭盔高乌头(A. sinomontanum var.angustius)与松潘乌头(A. sungpanense Hand.-Mazz.)核型似近系数最小(0.3531),核型进化距离最大(1.0411),亲缘关系最远;在16种乌头属植物中,二倍体物种与四倍体物种表现出较远的遗传距离,核型分类结果与形态学分类结果并不完全相符。本结果将为乌头属植物资源利用、分类学和系统演化等方面的研究提供一定的参考。

关键词: 乌头属, 核型, 似近系数, 聚类分析, 进化距离