Abstract: To explore the nitrogen application model suitable for oat production in alpine region,‘Avena sativa L. cv. Qinghai’ was used as experimental materials and the two-factor experimental design was adopted,which included four nitrogen application levels (N1:187.5 kg·hm^-2,N2:150 kg·hm^-2,N3:112.5 kg·hm^-2,N4:75 kg·hm^-2) and two nitrogen application ways (D1:all were only applied base fertilize,D2:30% base fertilizer + 70% jointing stage). The experiment took no nitrogen application (N0) in the whole growth period as the control. The results showed that different nitrogen application rates and application ways had significant effects on Oat yield. Under the same nitrogen application rate,compared with all only applied base fertilize,applying nitrogen by stages significantly improved seed yield,straw yield,spikelet number,grain number per spike and 1 000 grain weight. At the N1 level,when nitrogen fertilizer was applied in stages,the number of spikelet per plant and the number of grains per panicle per plant increased synergistically,resulting in higher seed yield and hay yield. The seed yield and straw yield increased by 4.17% and 0.47% respectively,compared with all only applied base fertilizer. Under the same nitrogen application way,the seed yield,spikelet number,grain number per spike and 1 000 grain weight were N1>N2>N3>N4>N0. Correlation and path analysis showed that seed yield was significantly correlated with spikelet per plant,grains per panicle per plant and 1 000 grain weight. In conclusion,under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments,the effect of 187.5 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer applied by stages in proportion was the best.

Key words: Oat, Yield, Nitrogen fertilizing level, Nitrogen application period, Path analysis

摘要： 本研究为探索适宜高寒地区燕麦生产的氮肥运筹模式，以‘青海甜燕麦’（Avena sativa L.cv.Qinghai）品种为试验材料，采用两因素试验设计，设4个施氮水平（N1：187.5 kg·hm^-2，N2：150 kg·hm^-2，N3：112.5 kg·hm^-2，N4：75 kg·hm^-2）和2个施氮时期（D1：氮肥全部基施，D2：30%基肥+70%拔节期），试验以全生育期不施氮（N0）为对照。结果表明：不同施氮量和施氮时期对燕麦产量影响显著，同等施氮量下，与氮肥全部基施相比，按比例分期施氮的种子产量、秸秆产量、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均显著增加。在N1水平下，氮肥按比例分期施用，单株小穗数和单株穗粒数的协同提高，获得较高种子产量和干草产量，与氮肥全部基施相比，种子产量和秸秆产量分别提高了4.17%和0.47%。同一施氮时期下，种子产量、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重表现为N1>N2>N3>N4>N0。相关性和通径分析表明，种子产量与单株小穗数、单株穗粒数和千粒重显著相关。综上，不同氮肥处理下，以187.5 kg·hm^-2氮肥按比例分期施入效果最佳。

关键词: 燕麦, 产量, 施氮量, 施氮时期, 通径分析