Abstract: Grain amaranth is a new type of forage with high yield and good quality. In order to fully understand the genetic diversity and breeding potential of 85 different materials belonging to four species of grain amaranth collected and preserved by our research group,we examined 21 agronomic traits of 23 materials of Amaranthus caudatus,12 of A. cruentus,24 of A. hybridus and 26 of A. hypochondriacus. The results showed that there were abundant phenotypic diversity existed in the four species. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among some of the qualitative traits,such as between the front surface color and the back surface color of leaf,between the stem color and the main inflorescence color,between the petiole color and the main inflorescence color,between the shape and the branch type of main inflorescence,and there was a close correlation among the tested quantitative traits. Principal component analysis was conducted and the cumulative contribution of the top seven principal factors reached 73.68%,which reflected the forage yield characters,the color features,the main inflorescence morphology,the blade shape,the plant uniformity,and the branch type of the plant. The 85 tested materials were divided into four groups by cluster analysis,among which the groups 1 and 2 were ideal germplasms for breeding high yield and quality forage as parents materials,the groups 4 could be used for breeding ornamental cultivars.

Key words: Grain amaranth, Germplasm resources, Agronomic trait, Genetic diversity

摘要： 籽粒苋是一种高产优质的新型牧草,为了解课题组收集保存的籽粒苋种质资源的遗传多样性和育种潜力,本研究观测并统计分析了26份千穗谷(Amaranthus hypochondriacus)、24份绿穗苋(A. hybridus)、23份尾穗苋(A. caudatus)和12份老鸦谷(A. cruentus)材料的21个农艺性状。结果表明:四种籽粒苋存在丰富的性状变异;相关性分析表明叶面颜色与叶背颜色、茎色与叶柄颜色、茎色与主花序颜色、叶柄颜色与主花序颜色、主花序形状与主花序分枝型等质量性状相关性较高,而各数量性状间均有一定的相关性;主成分分析显示,前七个主成分累计贡献率达到73.68%,分别反映了植株的产量性状、植株颜色特征、主花序形态、叶片形状、植株整齐度以及植株分枝性。聚类分析将参试材料划分为4个类群,其中类群一、二是选育高单产优质饲料亲本的理想材料,类群四可以用于选育观赏草品种。

关键词: 籽粒苋, 种质资源, 农艺性状, 遗传多样性