Abstract: To identify an optimal mixed sowing scheme for high-altitude regions, this study compared the performance and leaf morphology of different forage mixtures [Triticale+forage pea (Pisum sativa), oat (Avena sativa) +forage pea, and a control with single crop] under four fertilization treatments. The results indicated that the highest yields of fresh and dry forage were achieved with single phosphorus fertilization, at 27.80 t·hm^-2 and 8.60 t·hm^-2, respectively. For the grasses, leaf perimeter increased by 15.59%, 13.93%, and 13.35% under phosphorus-only, nitrogen-only, and combined nitrogen-phosphorus treatments, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05). Leaf length increased by 16.41%, 8.68%, and 11.65%, with significant differences (P<0.05). The oat +forage pea treatment yielded better results for both fresh and dry forage, at 27.02 t·hm^-2 and 8.30 t·hm^-2, respectively, showing significant increases of 87.37% and 219.77% compared to the single forage pea sowing (P<0.05). Under phosphorus-only fertilization, the oat +forage pea combination showed superior leaf morphology characteristics. In conclusion, for grasslands in the Sanjiangyuan region, the oat +forage pea mixture with single phosphorus fertilization demonstrates a better establishment advantage and is recommended for planting in this area.

Key words: Sanjiangyuan region, Nutrient addition, Annual grass-bean mixture, Production performance, Leaf morphological characteristics

摘要： 为了筛选出在高寒地区较优的混播方案，本文研究了在四种不同施肥处理下[小黑麦(Triticale)+饲用豌豆(Pisum sativa)、燕麦(Avena sativa)+饲用豌豆(Pisum sativa)及单播对照处理组]的生产性能和叶片形态特征之间的差异。结果表明：单施磷肥饲草鲜草和干草产量最高，为27.80 t·hm^-2，8.60 t·hm^-2；禾本科叶片周长比不施肥、单施氮肥、氮磷混施处理提高了15.59%，13.93%，13.35%，差异显著(P＜0.05)，叶片长度提高16.41%，8.68%，11.65%，差异显著(P＜0.05)；燕麦+饲用豌豆处理鲜草和干草产量较优，为27.02 t·hm^-2，8.30 t·hm^-2，比单播饲用豌豆提高87.37%，219.77%，差异均显著(P＜0.05)；单施磷肥下燕麦+饲用豌豆组合中叶片形态特征均表现出较优趋势。综上，三江源地区禾豆混播草地单施磷肥处理的燕麦+饲用豌豆有更好的建植优势，适宜在三江源地区建植。

关键词: 三江源地区, 养分添加, 一年生禾豆混播, 生产性能, 叶片形态特征