The first large-scaled survey of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma is conducted in 23 provinces of China. Twenty-three new species belonging to the green-ascospored clades are discovered. Their phylogenetic positions are determined by sequence analyses of the combined partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit encoding genes. Morphology and culture characteristics are observed, described and illustrated in detail. Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are compared and discussed. They are named as: T. aggregatum, T. alpinum, T. bannaense, T. breve, T. brevicrassum, T. byssinum, T. chlamydosporicum, T. concentricum, T. ganodermatis, T. hainanense, T. hengshanicum, T. hirsutum, T. hunanense, T. ingratum, T. liberatum, T. linzhiense, T. longisporum, T. polypori, T. pseudodensum, T. simplex, T. solum, T. undatipile and T. zayuense.

Publications dealing with Chinese fungal species were systematically investigated, and 2,849 new species, 129 new varieties and 5,260 new Chinese records have been reported during 1978 to 2010. “Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum” was published in 1979, listed 6,737 species and 168 varieties based on the reports on Chinese fungal resource until 1973. So 14,846 species and 297 varieties have been found in mainland China by 2010. In addition, 2,122 fungal species were recorded in Hong Kong and 6,207 in Taiwan, among which around 800 and 400 species, respectively, were not found in mainland China so far. Until now there are 16,046 species and 297 varieties have been recorded in the Chinese territory. If 10% of them are the synonyms, the Chinese fungal species are around 14,700. Among them around 300 species are Chromista, 340 are Protoza, and 14,060 are Fungi.

In a preliminary analysis, 21 Colletotrichum strains with large conidia preserved in the CBS culture collection clustered with a recently described species, C. gigasporum, forming a clade distinct from other currently known Colletotrichum species complexes. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH) as well as each of the single-locus analyses resolved seven distinct species, one of them being C. gigasporum. Colletotrichum gigasporum and its close allies thus constitute a previously unknown species complex with shared morphological features. Five of the seven species accepted in the C. gigasporum species complex are described here as novel species, namely C. arxii, C. magnisporum, C. pseudomajus, C. radicis and C. vietnamense. A species represented by a single sterile strain, namely CBS 159.50, was not described as novel species, and is treated as Colletotrichum sp. CBS 159.50. Furthermore, C. thailandicum is reduced to synonymy with C. gigasporum.

Ustilaginomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) has been reclassified recently based on multiple gene sequence analyses. However, the phylogenetic placement of two yeast-like genera Malassezia and Moniliella in the subphylum remains unclear. Phylogenetic analyses using different algorithms based on the sequences of six genes, including the small subunit (18S) ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the large subunit (26S) rDNA D1/D2 domains, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 and 2) including 5.8S rDNA, the two subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha), were performed to address their phylogenetic positions. Our analyses indicated that Malassezia and Moniliella represented two deeply rooted lineages within Ustilaginomycotina and have a sister relationship to both Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes. Those clades are described here as new classes, namely Moniliellomycetes with order Moniliellales, family Moniliellaceae, and genus Moniliella; and Malasseziomycetes with order Malasseziales, family Malasseziaceae, and genus Malassezia. Phenotypic differences support this classification suggesting widely different life styles among the mainly plant pathogenic Ustilaginomycotina.

Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Boletaceae are ecologically and economically very important. However, due to the morphological complexity and the limited phylogenetic information on the various species and genera of this fungal family, our understanding of its systematics and evolution remains rudimentary. In this study, DNA sequences of four genes (nrLSU, tef1-alpha, rpb1, and rpb2) were newly obtained from ca. 200 representative specimens of Boletaceae. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed seven major clades at the subfamily level, namely Austroboletoideae, Boletoideae, Chalciporoideae, Leccinoideae, Xerocomoideae, Zangioideae, and the Pulveroboletus Group. In addition, 59 genus-level clades were identified, of which 22 were uncovered for the first time. These 22 clades were mainly placed in Boletoideae and the Pulveroboletus Group. The results further indicated that the characters frequently used in the morphology-based taxonomy of Boletaceae, such as basidiospore ornamentation, the form of the basidioma, and the stuffed pores each had multiple origins within the family, suggesting that the use of such features for high-level classification of Boletaceae should be de-emphasized and combined with other characters.

Species of the genus Phylloporus in China were investigated based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of a three-locus (nrLSU, ITS and tef-1a) DNA sequence dataset. Twenty-one phylogenetic species were recognized among the studied collections. Seven of them are described as new: P. brunneiceps, P. imbricatus, P. maculatus, P. pachycystidiatus, P. rubeolus, P. rubrosquamosus, and P. yunnanensis. In addition, four of them correspond with the previous morphology-based taxa: P. bellus, P. luxiensis, P. parvisporus, and P. rufescens. The remaining ten phylogenetic species were not described due to the paucity of the materials. A key to the Chinese morphologically recognizable taxa was provided. A preliminary biogeographical analysis showed that (1) Pylloporus species in East Asia and Southeast Asia are mostly closely related, (2) species pairs or closely related species of Phylloporus between East Asia and North/Central America are relatively common, and (3) the biogeographic relationship of Phylloporus between East Asia and Europe was supported by only a single species pair. Unexpectedly, no taxa common either to both Europe and East Asia, or to both East Asia and North/Central America, were uncovered. Clades look to have taxa from both sides of the Pacific and Europe/Asia though.

Three new resupinate, poroid, wood-inhabiting fungi, Perenniporia aridula, P. bannaensis and P. substraminea, are introduced on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. Molecular study based on sequence data from the ribosomal ITS and LSU regions supported the three new species' positions in Perenniporia s.s., and all of them formed monophyletic lineages with strong support (100 % BP, 1.00 BPP). Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven clades for the 31 species of Perenniporia s.l. used in this study. Among them, Perenniporiella clustered with Perenniporia ochroleuca group, and then subsequently grouped with Abundisporus. In addition, the P. ochroleuca group, the P. vicina group, the P. martia group and P. subacida formed well supported monophyletic entities, which could be recognized as distinct genera, and they are not related to P. medulla-panis which belongs to Perenniporia s.s. clade. An identification key to 38 species of Perenniporia occurring in China is provided.

据作者对1978年以来国内外主要菌物学期刊和专著进行的系统搜集，中国大陆发表的菌物累计有2,849新种，129新变种，5,260新记录种。若加上戴芳澜编著的《中国真菌总汇》所记载的6,737种和168变种，中国大陆已知菌物计14,846种297变种。据不完全统计，香港和台湾报道的菌物种类中分别约有800种和400种在中国大陆未曾记载，因此全国总计已知菌物应为16,046种297变种。假设其中有10%为同物异名，则目前我国菌物已知种数约为14,700种，其中管毛生物界（主要是卵菌）约300种，原生动物界（主要是黏菌）约有340种，真菌约14,060种。

大型真菌具有重要的生态价值和经济价值, 但由于环境污染、气候变化、生境丧失与破碎化, 以及资源过度利用等因素, 其生物多样性受到严重威胁。为了全面评估中国大型真菌的生存状况, 国家生态环境部(原环境保护部)联合中国科学院于2016年启动了《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷》的编制工作。经广泛和全面收集文献资料, 依据IUCN物种红色名录等级与标准, 结合大型真菌特点和国内研究现状, 制定了中国大型真菌红色名录评估方法和流程, 动员和组织了全国相关研究力量, 对9,302种大型真菌的受威胁状况进行了评估。结果显示, 中国大型真菌受威胁物种(包括疑似灭绝、极危、濒危、易危)共97个, 占被评估物种总数的1.04%; 近危101种, 占总数的1.09%; 无危2,764种, 占总数的29.71%; 数据不足6,340种, 占总数的68.16%。此次评估工作汇集了全国140多位专家的智慧, 是国内外迄今为止涉及物种数量最大、类群范围最宽、覆盖地域最广、参与人员最多的一次大型真菌生存状况评估, 对我国大型真菌多样性保护与管理具有重要意义。