草地学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 2469-2477.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2024.08.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

苦马豆(Sphaerophysa salsula)6个不同居群的染色体核型分析

曲荣举1,2, 刘玉萍1,2,3, 陈金元1,2,3, 苏旭1,2,3, 张朋辉1,2, 靳佳瑞1,2, 余明君1,2, 杨倩1,2   

  1. 1. 青海师范大学生命科学学院, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 青海师范大学青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    3. 青海师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-18 修回日期:2024-03-04 发布日期:2024-09-07
  • 通讯作者: 苏旭,E-mail:xusu8527972@126.com
  • 作者简介:曲荣举(2000-),男,汉族,山东聊城人,硕士研究生,主要从事高山植物系统与进化研究,E-mail:QU203462@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省重大科技专项(2023-SF-A5);国家自然科学基金项目(32360305);2023年中央林业草原生态保护恢复资金野生动植物保护项目(QHSY-2023-016);青海省省财政林业改革发展资金林草新技术推广项目(QSCZ-2023-001)资助

Chromosome Karyotype Analysis from Six Different Populations of Sphaerophysa salsula (Fabaceae)

QU Rong-ju1,2, LIU Yu-ping1,2,3, CHEN Jin-yuan1,2,3, SU Xu1,2,3, ZHANG Peng-hui1,2, JIN Jia-rui1,2, YU Ming-jun1,2, YANG Qian1,2   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    3. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2023-12-18 Revised:2024-03-04 Published:2024-09-07

摘要: 本研究采用染色体常规压片技术和核型分析方法,对苦马豆(Sphaerophysa salsula)6个自然居群(P81,P89,P96,P102,P137,P142)的染色体核型特征进行了分析,探讨了不同居群间的进化趋势和亲缘关系。结果表明:苦马豆6个参试居群的染色体数目和基数恒定,均为2n=2X=16;主要有中部着丝粒(m)和亚中部着丝粒(sm)染色体两种类型,中部着丝粒染色体数量多于亚中部着丝粒染色体;绝大多数居群的核型公式为2n=2X=16 m,仅居群P137的核型公式为2n=2X=14 m+2 sm;染色体长度介于1.05~2.63之间,属于小型染色体;核型类型包括1A,2A,3A和2B,平均臂比处于1.18~1.43之间,长度比居于1.44~2.05之间,核不对称系数介于54.02~58.98之间;居群P89的核型类型为1A,核不对称系数最小,进化程度最低;当遗传距离为4时,苦马豆6个居群形成三大类,居群P137和P142的亲缘关系较近。本研究首次分析了苦马豆的染色体核型特征,探讨了不同居群间的进化趋势和亲缘关系,为苦马豆属物种系统发育和基因组学研究提供了细胞学的佐证。

关键词: 苦马豆, 染色体, 核型分析, 进化趋势, 亲缘关系, 聚类分析

Abstract: We analyzed the karyotype features of six natural geographic populations (P81,P89,P96,P102,P137,P142) of Sphaerophysa salsula and discussed their evolutionary trends and relationships by the conventional squash technique of chromosomes and karyotype analysis. The results showed that:(1) The number and basic number of chromosomes was constant across six populations of S. salsula,with 2n=2X=16. There were mainly two types of mid-centromeric and sub-centromeric chromosomes,and the number of mid-centromeric chromosomes was more than that of sub-centromeric chromosomes. (2) The karyotype formula of most populations of S. salsula was 2n=2X=16 m,except that the karyotype formula of P137 was 2n=2X=14 m+2 sm. The chromosome length was between 1.05 and 2.63,which belonged to small chromosomes. (3) Karyotype types of S. salsula included 1A,2A,3A and 2B,the mean arm ratio was from 1.18 to 1.43,the length ratio was between 1.44 and 2.05,and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 54.02~58.98. Besides,the karyotype type of P89 was 1A,with the lowest karyotype asymmetry coefficient and the lowest evolutionary degree. (4) When the genetic distance was four,the six populations of S. salsula were classified into three groups. Among them,P137 and P142 had the closest relationship. This study firstly discussed the chromosome karyotype features of S. salsula,and studied the evolutionary trends and relationships of different populations,which could provide the cytological evidence for phylogeny and genomic studies of the species of Sphaerophysa.

Key words: Sphaerophysa salsula, Chromosome, Karyotype analysis, Evolutionary trend, Relationship, Clustering analysis

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