草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 798-805.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.03.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

豫西黄土高原果园自然生草对土壤线虫群落及结构的影响

贺雨轩1, 张钰杭2, 张若冰1, 贾颖欣1, 谢岷珊1, 李江艳1, 王益博3, 李晓敏3, 李尚彬1, 邱林4,5, 冯万富4,5, 苗原1,6, 王冬1,6   

  1. 1. 河南大学生命科学学院, 河南 开封 475004;
    2. 曼彻斯特大学, 曼彻斯特M139PL, 英国;
    3. 河南灵宝市特色农业发展中心, 河南 三门峡 472500;
    4. 河南省信阳市林业科学研究所, 河南 信阳 464031;
    5. 河南鸡公山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 河南 信阳 464031;
    6. 河南省黄河流域小秦岭生态修复野外科学观测研究站, 河南 开封 475004
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30 修回日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 王冬,E-mail:wangdong19882005@163.com
  • 作者简介:贺雨轩（2003-）,男,汉族,河南焦作人,本科生,主要从事恢复生态学研究,E-mail：heyuxuan@henu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目（32371672）;河南省自然科学基金项目（242300421102）;河南科技智库调研课题（HNKJZK-2024-57B）资助

Effects of Natural Grass Coverage on Soil Nematode Communities and Structure in Apple Orchards on the Loess Plateau in Western Henan Province

HE Yu-xuan1, ZHANG Yu-hang2, ZHANG Ruo-bing1, JIA Ying-xin1, XIE Min-shan1, LI Jiang-yan1, WANG Yi-bo3, LI Xiao-min3, LI Shang-bin1, QIU Lin4,5, FENG Wan-fu4,5, MIAO Yuan1,6, WANG Dong1,6   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China;
    2. University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PL, England;
    3. The Characteristic Agricultural Development Center, Lingbao County, Sanmenxia, Henan Province 472500, China;
    4. The Forest Science Research Institute of Xinyang, Xinyang, Henan Province 464031, China;
    5. Henan Jigongshan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Xinyang, Henan Province 464031, China;
    6. Xiaoqinling Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station of the Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
  • Received:2024-05-30 Revised:2024-07-25 Published:2025-04-07

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摘要： 本试验选取豫西黄土区苹果园,探究自然生草对土壤线虫群落结构及代谢足迹的影响,为果园的可持续管理提供科学依据。本试验于2015年建植的‘富士’苹果（Malus domestica）园开展,以行间覆盖黑麦草为对照,行间自然生草为处理。结果表明：与人工生草果园相比,自然生草的苹果园土壤线虫总丰度显著提高了105.15%；食细菌线虫相对丰度和食真菌线虫相对丰度分别显著提高了54.36%和96.62%；但是植食性线虫相对丰度、捕/杂食线虫相对丰度分别显著降低67.23%和68.80%。自然生草显著提高了土壤线虫群落碳代谢足迹。土壤pH值、土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量、变形菌门相对丰度、杂类草比例是影响土壤线虫属水平群落组成的主要因素（P<0.05）。研究表明：相比人工草地模式,自然生草模式有助于维持较高的线虫总丰度及食微线虫相对丰度,提高线虫群落碳代谢足迹,促进土壤养分循环利用,为果树提供健康良好的生长环境。

关键词: 土壤线虫, 自然生草, 代谢足迹, 苹果园, 黄土高原

Abstract: This study was conducted in an apple orchard to explore the effects of natural grass on soil nematode community, aiming to provide a scientific basis for sustainable orchard management on the Loess Plateau in Western Henan Province. The apple variety used in the experiment was ‘Fuji’ （Malus domestica ‘Fuji’）, planted in 2015. The control featured inter-row artificial grass with ryegrass, while the treatment group featured natural grass in the inter-rows. The results indicated that natural grass significantly increased total nematode abundance by 105.15% compared to that of the artificial grass. Additionally, natural grass notably increased the relative abundances of bacterial-feeders and fungal-feeders by 54.36% and 96.62%, respectively. Conversely, natural grass notably reduced the relative abundances of plant-feeders and omnivores-predators by 67.23% and 68.80%, respectively. Natural grass also considerably enhanced the carbon metabolic footprint of the nematode community. Forbs proportions, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents, soil pH, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria wer main factors that significantly affected soil nematode community composition （P<0.05）. This study suggests that natural grass is beneficial for maintaining higher total nematode abundance and relative abundances of bacterial-feeders and fungal-feeders, increasing the carbon metabolic footprint of the nematode community, promoting the recycling of soil nutrients, and providing a healthier growth environment for fruit trees.

Key words: Soil nematodes, Apple orchard, Metabolic footprint, Natural grass, The Loess Plateau

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