草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 134-141.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.01.016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同放牧制度对高原鼢鼠活动区高寒草地群落结构影响

王玉琴1,2, 鲍根生1,2, 王宏生1,2, 曾辉1,2, 李继鹏1,2   

  1. 1. 省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室, 青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-21 修回日期:2018-03-09 出版日期:2018-02-15 发布日期:2018-05-25
  • 作者简介:王玉琴(1988-),女,甘肃兰州人,硕士,研究实习员,主要从事草地保护研究,E-mail:gsndwangyuqin@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201203041）资助

Effect of Burrowing Activity of Myospalax baileyi on Plant Community Structure in Different Grazing Systems

WANG Yu-qin1,2, BAO Gen-sheng1,2, WANG Hong-sheng1,2, ZENG Hui1,2, LI Ji-peng1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai Provience 810016, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai Provience 810016, China
  • Received:2016-10-21 Revised:2018-03-09 Online:2018-02-15 Published:2018-05-25

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摘要：

为探讨不同放牧制度对高原鼢鼠的生物调控机制，本研究以高原鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi）危害严重的天然草场为研究对象，通过网围栏设置禁牧区、季节性放牧区及自由放牧区，分析草地群落结构及高原鼢鼠种群密度与单子叶、阔叶类植物的相关性。结果表明：禁牧区禾本科植物重要值两年均高于季节性放牧和自由放牧区。3个样区的多样性指数在第二年都有所增加；同时，自由放牧区第一年的优势度指数和均匀度指数高于季节放牧区和禁牧区；季节性放牧第二年草地群落多样性指数高于禁牧区和自由放牧区，同时季节性放牧区的优势度指数显著高于禁牧区和自由放牧区（P<0.05）。另外，禁牧区单子叶植物地上生物量最高，季节放牧区阔叶类植物地下生物量最高。高原鼢鼠相对鼠群密度表现为：季节性放牧区>自由放牧区>禁牧区，且禁牧区高原鼢鼠相对种群密度与单子叶植物地上生物量、阔叶类植物地下生物量呈正相关；季节性放牧区的相对鼠群密度与地上生物量呈负相关，与地下生物量呈正相关；自由放牧区的相对鼠群密度与单子叶植物地上生物量呈负相关，与单子叶植物地下生物量、阔叶类植物生物量（地下、地上）均呈正相关。综上所述，建立合理的放牧制度可以改善高寒草甸草地群落结构，进而调控高原鼢鼠的种群密度。

关键词: 高原鼢鼠, 放牧制度, 群落结构, 物种多样性

Abstract:

To explore the biological regulation mechanisms of plateau zokor on natural grassland of different grazing systems in Qinghai province, seriously damaged natural grassland by plateau zokor was selected to analyze community structure, species diversity and the correlation between relative density of Myospalaibaileyi and biomass of monocotyledons， dicotyledons in ungrazing plot, seasonal grazing plot and grazing plot. The results showed that the important value of Gramineous forage grasses in the ungrazing plot was higher than that in the grazing and seasonal grazing. Diversity index of three plots was increased in 2015; meanwhile, Pielou index and Simpson index of grazing plots were higher in the grazing plot than that in the ungrazing plot and seasonal grazing plot in 2014. Diversity index of seasonal grazing plot was higher than that of ungrazing and grazing plot in 2015, and simpson index of seasonal grazing was significantly higher than that of ungrazing and grazing (P<0.05).In addition, the aboveground biomass of monocotyledons in the ungrazing was higher than other sample areas, and the underground biomass of dicotyledons in seasonal grazing was higher than other sample areas. The relative density of Plateau zokor was seasonal grazing > grazing > ungrazing. In ungrazing plots, the relative density of plateau zokor was positively correlated with aboveground biomasses of monocotyledons and underground biomasses of dicotyledons. In grazing plots, the density of plateau zokor was negatively correlated with aboveground biomasses of monocotyledons, in contrary, positively correlated with underground biomass of monocotyledons and biomass of dicotyledons. In seasonal grazing, the density of plateau zokor was negatively correlated with aboveground biomasses and positively correlated with underground biomass. In conclusion, effective grassland managements might maintain the stability of grassland community structure in alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and regulate the population density of plateau zokor.

Key words: Myospalax baileyi, Grazing Systems, Community structure, Species diversity

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