陇东旱塬果园生草对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.01.021

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 173-183.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.01.021

陇东旱塬果园生草对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响

白岗栓¹, 郑锁林², 邹超煜³, 杜社妮¹

1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
2. 庆阳林业学校, 甘肃庆阳 745000;
3. 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司, 广东深圳 518040

收稿日期:2017-09-05 修回日期:2018-03-07 出版日期:2018-02-15 发布日期:2018-05-25
通讯作者: 杜社妮
作者简介:白岗栓(1965-),男,硕士,研究员,陕西富平人,主要从事果树栽培及农田生态研究,Email:gshb@nwsuaf.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“高塬沟壑区固沟保塬生态防护与苹果产业提质增效技术与示范”（2016YFC0501706）；中国科学院重点部署项目“黄土高原生态服务功能提升与果园水肥协同技术集成与示范”（KFZD-SW-306）资助

Influence of Interplant Herbage on Soil Moisture and Apple Tree Growth in Dry Plateau of Eastern Gansu

BAI Gang-shuan¹, ZHENG Suo-lin², ZOU Chao-yu³, DU She-ni¹

1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Provience 712100, China;
2. Qingyang Forestry School, Qingyang, Gansu Provience 745000, China;
3. Shenzhen Techand Ecology & Environment Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong Provience 518040, China

Received:2017-09-05 Revised:2018-03-07 Online:2018-02-15 Published:2018-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陇东旱塬为半干旱区，年降雨量偏小且分布不均，果园生草是否会存在与果树争水的问题尚不清楚。为了探讨陇东旱塬果园生草是否存在与果树争水的问题，2014-2015年本试验以果园清耕和果园覆草为对照，探讨果园种植白三叶（Trifolium repens）和鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）对果园土壤水分及苹果树（Malus domestica）生长的影响。结果表明：果园种植白三叶和鸭茅降低了0~120 cm土层土壤水分，土壤水分蒸散量较果园清耕分别提高30.20 mm和48.65 mm，较果园覆草分别提高29.54 mm和47.99 mm；果园覆草与果园清耕则基本一致。果园种植白三叶和鸭茅的苹果单果重较果园清耕分别降低7.17%和13.69%，较果园覆草分别降低12.05%和18.22%；苹果产量较果园清耕分别降低14.33%和20.18%，较果园覆草分别降低21.84%和27.17%。果园覆草的苹果单果重较果园清耕提高5.53%，产量提高9.60%。果园种植白三叶和鸭茅的土壤水分利用效率较果园清耕分别降低20.56%和28.99%，较果园覆草分别降低27.39%和35.10%；果园覆草较果园清耕提高9.42%。陇东旱塬苹果园不宜生草，而应覆草。

关键词: 果园生草, 果园覆草, 土壤水分, 苹果生长, 陇东旱塬

Abstract:

Dry plateau of eastern Ganshu is semi-arid areas, while annual precipitation is small and has a large inter-annual variety and uneven distribution cross year. The problem of whether interplant herbage compete soil moisture with fruit tree has not a clear conclusion. In order to explore the problem, the experiment was conducted to study the influences of interplant herbage on soil moisture and apple tree (Malus domestica) growth from 2014 to 2015. White clover(Trifolium repens) and orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata) were selected as test herbages and interplanted in apple orchard, and clean tillage and straw mulching were taken as control. The results showed that the soil moisture in 0~120 cm soil layer decreased in interplanting white clover and orchardgrass orchard, and evapotranspiration increased by 30.20 mm and 48.65 mm, respectively, compared with clean tillage orchard, and increased 29.54 mm and 47.99 mm, respectively, compared with straw mulching orchard, but evapotranspiration of clean tillage and straw mulching had no difference. Single fruit weight of interplanting white clover orchard and interplanting orchardgrass orchard decreased by 7.17% and 13.69% compared to clean tillage orchard, respectively, and decreased by 12.05% and 18.22% compared to straw mulching orchard, respectively. Apple yield of interplanting white clover orchard and interplanting orchardgrass orchard decreased by 14.33% and 20.18% compared to clean tillage orchard, respectively; and decreased by 20.56% and 28.99% compared to straw mulching orchard, respectively. Compared to clean tillage orchard, single fruit weight of straw mulching orchard increased by 5.53%, and apple yield increased by 9.60%. Soil water use efficiency of interplanting white clover orchard and interplanting orchardgrass orchard decreased by 20.56% and 28.99% compared with clean tillage orchard, respectively; and decreased by 27.39% and 35.10% compared with straw mulching orchard, respectively. Soil water use efficiency of straw mulching orchard increased by 9.42% compared with clean tillage orchard. Interplanting herbage in apple orchard as soil management practices should not be used, and straw mulching in apple orchard should be the preference of soil management practices in dry plateau of eastern Gansu.

Key words: Interplanting herbage in orchard, Straw mulching in orchard, Soil moisture, Apple growth, Dry plateau of eastern Gansu

中图分类号:

白岗栓, 郑锁林, 邹超煜, 杜社妮. 陇东旱塬果园生草对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2018, 26(1): 173-183.

BAI Gang-shuan, ZHENG Suo-lin, ZOU Chao-yu, DU She-ni. Influence of Interplant Herbage on Soil Moisture and Apple Tree Growth in Dry Plateau of Eastern Gansu[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(1): 173-183.

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陇东旱塬果园生草对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响

Influence of Interplant Herbage on Soil Moisture and Apple Tree Growth in Dry Plateau of Eastern Gansu

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