草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1129-1135.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.04.032

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    下一篇

添加剂对汽爆玉米秸秆养分和发酵特性的影响

高雪梅1, 焦婷1, 雷赵民2, 冉福1, 赵生国2   

  1. 1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2. 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-19 修回日期:2020-03-28 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 焦婷
  • 作者简介:高雪梅(1995-),女,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,主要从事动物营养与饲草料加工研究,E-mail:gaoxm16@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    玉米秸秆饲用化汽爆破壁发酵关键技术研究示范项目（20180408）；甘肃省现代草食畜产业技术体系（GARS-CS-4）；农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项（项目编号：201003019，201503134和201303059）；现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-40-09B）；甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金（GAU-QDFC-2018-04）资助

Effects of Additives on Nutrients and Fermentation Characteristics of Corn Straw after Steam Explosion

GAO Xue-mei1, JIAO Ting1, LEI Zhao-ming2, RAN Fu1, ZHAO Sheng-guo2   

  1. 1. College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology System, Ministry of Education, Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazing land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
  • Received:2020-02-19 Revised:2020-03-28 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-07-28

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摘要： 为解决饲料短缺问题，提高收获籽实后玉米秸秆的利用效率。本试验以经汽爆处理的玉米秸秆进行厌氧发酵，设对照（CK）、分别添加乳酸菌制剂Sila-Max（MAX），Sila-Mix（MIX）及纤维活性菌（活性菌）4个处理，发酵60 d后测定营养成分及发酵品质。结果表明：不同处理间常规营养成分无显著差异；康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系（Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System，CNCPS）评价结果表明，活性菌组乳酸、MAX组总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于其他处理（P<0.05）；从发酵品质来看，活性菌组pH、NH3-N/TN显著低于其他处理（P<0.05），乳酸显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05），MAX组乙酸、丙酸含量显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05），MAX，MIX组干物质损失率显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）。综上，纤维活性菌可以改善秸秆发酵品质；Sila-Max可以增加乙酸、丙酸含量，减少干物质损失，具有提高秸秆有氧稳定性、抑制饲料二次发酵的潜力；Sila-Mix可以减少秸秆干物质损失。

关键词: 添加剂, 汽爆玉米秸秆, 营养品质, 发酵品质

Abstract: To solve forage shortage and improve corn straw utilization efficiency,the steam-exploded corn straw was fermented by adding Sila-Max (MAX),Sila-Mix (MIX),and Fiber active bacteria (Active bacteria),no additive as control (CK). The nutrients and fermentation quality were analyzed after ensiling for 60 days. The results showed that,there were no significant differences in conventional nutrients among treatments after fermentation. For CNCPS evaluation,there were significant differences in the content of lactic acid (CA2) between treatments of Active bacteria and CK,and showed significant differences in total volatile fatty acid (CA1) between treatments of MAX and CK (P<0.05). pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) in Active bacteria treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments (P<0.05),and lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids in Active bacteria treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P<0.05). The contents of acetic acid and propionic in MAX were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P<0.05),and DM loss rate in MAX and MIX were significantly lower than those of Active bacteria and CK (P<0.05). To summary,adding Fiber active bacteria could improve the fermentation quality of steam-exploded corn straw. Adding Sila-Max could increase the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid,thus improve the aerobic stability of the straw,inhibit the second fermentation of the feed,and reduce the DM loss,while adding Sila-mix could reduce the DM loss.

Key words: Silage additives, Corn straw treated by steam explosion, Nutritional quality, Fermentation quality

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