草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 1702-1712.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.05.036

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

有机肥替代部分化肥对青贮玉米产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

程红玉1,2, 汤振东1, 雷玉明1, 郑天翔1, 拓明鸿1, 濮超1, 徐昭1, 吴尧1, 马金3   

  1. 1. 河西学院农业与生态工程学院/甘肃河西走廊特色资源利用重点实验室/河西走廊玉米种子工程技术研究 中心, 甘肃 张掖 734000;
    2. 青海大学农林科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    3. 甘肃前进牧业科技有限责任公司, 甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-11 修回日期:2024-09-17 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 郑天翔,E-mail:zhengtxiang@126.com
  • 作者简介:程红玉（1982-），女，汉族，甘肃徽县人，副教授，硕士，主要从事作物栽培生理与技术研究，E-mail：chenghy722@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目（2021CYZC-53）；甘肃省科技计划项目（23CXGG0003，22YF7NG128）；甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目（2022B-169）；甘肃省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202210740006）；校地合作横向科研项目（H2022006）资助

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Partially Substituting Chemical Fertilizer on Yield，Quality and Soil Fertility of Silage Maize

CHENG Hong-yu1,2, TANG Zhen-dong1, LEI Yu-ming1, ZHENG Tian-xiang1, TUO Ming-hong1, PU Chao1, XU Zhao1, WU Yao1, MA Jin3   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture and Ecological engineering, Hexi University/Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Province/The Engineering Technology Center of Corn Seed in Hexi Corridor, Zhangye, Gansu Province 734000, China;
    2. Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    3. Gansu Qianjin Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., Zhangye, Gansu Province 734000, China
  • Received:2024-07-11 Revised:2024-09-17 Published:2025-05-20

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摘要： 本研究通过田间试验研究在等养分条件下生物有机肥替代10%，20%，30%化肥氮，牛粪、羊粪、蚯蚓肥替代20%化肥氮对青贮玉米（Zea mays）产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响，旨在为河西地区青贮玉米生产中合理利用养分资源、化肥减量增效提供科学依据。结果显示：与常规施肥相比，有机肥替代部分化肥可促进青贮玉米生长，改善果穗经济性状，鲜草产量和籽粒产量分别较常规施肥提高7.08%~25.64%和0.09%~32.73%；在相同替代比例（20%）下，牛粪增产效应最大；有机肥替代部分化肥有效改善了营养品质，以牛粪替代20%化肥氮效果最佳，全株淀粉和粗脂肪含量分别较常规施肥提高45.20%和23.08%，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别降低27.97%和34.54%；有机肥替代部分化肥提高了土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，分别较常规施肥增加3.41%~18.19%，11.17%~25.59%，11.22%~53.46%和1.83%~26.21%。在本研究条件下以牛粪替代20%化肥氮为青贮玉米有机肥替代部分化肥最佳方案。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 有机肥替代, 产量, 品质, 土壤肥力

Abstract: The effects of replacing 10%， 20% and 30% fertilizer nitrogen with bio-organic fertilizer， replacing 20% fertilizer nitrogen with cow manure， sheep manure and earthworm fertilizer on yield were studied through field experiments. The aim is to provide scientific basis for the rational utilization of nutrient resources and the increase of fertilizer efficiency in silage maize production in Hexi area. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization， organic fertilizer substitution of partial chemical fertilizer could promote the growth of silage maize， improve the economic traits of the ear， and increase the fresh forage yield and grain yield by 7.08-25.64% and 0.09%-32.73%， respectively. Under the same substitution ratio of 20%， the yield increase effect of cow manure treatment was the largest. Organic fertilizer substitution of partial chemical fertilizer improved the nutritional quality effectively， with the best effect achieved by replacing 20% of the nitrogen in chemical fertilizer with cow manure. The total starch and crude fat content of the whole plant were increased by 45.20% and 23.08%， while the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content were decreased by 27.97% and 34.54%， respectively. Organic fertilizer substitution of partial chemical fertilizer improved the soil organic matter， alkali-soluble nitrogen， available phosphorus， and available potassium content， increasing by 3.41%-18.19%， 11.17%-25.59%， 11.22%-53.46%， and 1.83%-26.21%， respectively. Under the conditions of this study， the optimal scheme for substituting 20% of fertilizer nitrogen with cow manure for silage maize was proposed.

Key words: Silage maize, Organic fertilizer substitution, Yield, Quality, Soil fertility

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