草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1817-1825.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.06.012

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

川西北高寒区不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库特征

吴科君, 贺丽, 李红霖, 邓东周, 鄢武先, 陈德朝   

  1. 四川省林业科学研究院/荒漠化防治四川林业草原重点实验室, 四川 成都 610081
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-30 修回日期:2024-10-22 发布日期:2025-06-13
  • 通讯作者: 陈德朝,E-mail:cqwuheli@163.com
  • 作者简介:吴科君(1995-),男,汉族,四川旺苍人,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生态学、恢复生态学研究,E-mail:869640849@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    西北黄河流域风水复合侵蚀重度沙化草地综合模式研究与应用示范(2024YFNH0005);川西北高寒受损边坡植被重建初期群落稳定性及影响因素研究(2024HXKY-2-06)资助

Characteristics of Soil Seed Banks in Different Degrees of Desertified Grasslands in the Alpine Region of Northwest Sichuan

WU Ke-jun, HE Li, LI Hong-lin, DENG Dong-zhou, YAN Wu-xian, CHEN De-chao   

  1. Sichuan Academic of Forestry, Sichuan Provincial Forestry and Grassland Key Laboratory of Combating Desertification, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, China
  • Received:2024-08-30 Revised:2024-10-22 Published:2025-06-13

摘要: 为探明川西北高寒区高山草甸土壤种子库对草地沙化动态的响应机制,通过野外调查与室内种子萌发法对川西北高寒草甸不同沙化程度草地(积沙草地、固定沙地、半固定沙地、流动沙地)土壤种子库特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)样地内土壤种子库共记录27种植物种子,隶属于14科,以多年生草本特别是豆科、菊科、毛茛科以及禾本科植物为主。(2)各样地内土壤种子数量呈现鲜明的垂直分布特性,60%以上富集于0~5 cm表土层。(3)草地沙化显著影响土壤种子库密度(48.74~834.33粒·m-2)、相似性指数(0.21~0.61)以及物种多样性指数(P<0.05),且随着沙化程度加剧,沙化草地土壤种子库密度和相似性指数不断降低;物种多样性指数呈现出固定沙地>半固定沙地>积沙草地>流动沙地。草地沙化导致土壤种子库功能受损,土壤种子库的数量和多样性降低,地带性种群不宜生存而退出,自然恢复较为困难,因此,通过人工补充地上植被,以及建立并有效激活土壤种子库种子的萌发是恢复和重建川西北高寒区沙化草地植被的重要途径之一。

关键词: 川西北, 沙化草地, 物种多样性, 土壤种子库

Abstract: To investigate the response of soil seed banks in alpine meadow to the dynamics of grassland desertification, the characteristics of soil seed bank in the alpine meadow of northwest Sichuan were analyzed by field investigation and indoor seed germination method. The grasslands with varying degrees of desertification in Ruoergai County were selected in this study, including mobile sandy grasslands, semi-fixed sandy grasslands, fixed sandy grasslands, dune grasslands, and natural grasslands. By conducting statistical analyses on seed density, life forms, species diversity indices, and similarity indices within these soil seed banks, the study examines and analyzes the characteristics and dynamic changes of soil seed banks within the study area. The results show that:(1) a total of 27 plant species seeds, belonging to 14 families, were recorded in the soil seed bank within the study plots, predominantly perennial herbs, especially those from the Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Poaceae families. (2) The number of soil seeds in each plot shows a distinct vertical distribution pattern, with over 60% enriched in the topsoil layer of 0-5 cm. (3) Grassland desertification significantly impacted the density of the soil seed bank (48.74-834.33 seeds·m-2), similarity index (0.21-0.61), and species diversity index (P<0.05). As the degree of desertification intensified, both the density and similarity index of the soil seed bank in desertified grasslands decreased continuously. The species diversity index showed a trend of fixed sandy land > semi-fixed sandy land > dune grassland > mobile sandy land. The findings indicate that grassland desertification leads to impaired function of the soil seed bank, with reduced quantity and diversity of seeds, and the retreat of zonal populations that are unsuitable for survival, making natural recovery difficult. Therefore, artificially supplementing above-ground vegetation and establishing effective activation of seed germination in the soil seed bank are crucial approaches for the restoration and reconstruction of vegetation in desertified grasslands in the alpine region of northwestern Sichuan.

Key words: Northwest Sichuan, Desertified grasslands, Species diversity, Soil seed bank

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