草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1443-1457.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.04.026

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

马鹿放牧对宁夏长期封育草地多功能性的影响

尹子鸣1, 强成斌2, 安可3, 张梦婕4, 田慧慧5, 王亦波5, 拓行行1, 叶发明6,7, 马晓瑞1, 杨庆6,7, 韩新宁8, 李伟1   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    2. 汉中市南郑区水土保持工作站, 陕西 南郑 723100;
    3. 定边县气象局, 陕西 定边 718600;
    4. 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021;
    5. 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    6. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    7. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    8. 宁夏师范大学资源环境与生命科学学院, 宁夏 固原 756000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2025-09-14 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 韩新宁,E-mail:hanxinning@163.com;李伟,E-mail:liwei2013@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:尹子鸣(2001-),男,汉族,陕西榆林人,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态学等研究,E-mail:18009123018@nwafu.edu.cn;
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42277464);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302800);榆林市科技计划项目(2025-CSY-045);宁夏自然科学基金(2025AAC030610)资助

Effects of Cervus elaphus Kansuensis Grazing on the Multifunctionality of Long-Term Enclosed Grassland Ecosystems in Ningxia

YIN Zi-ming1, QIANG Cheng-bin2, AN Ke3, ZHANG Meng-jie4, TIAN Hui-hui5, WANG Yi-bo5, TUO Hang-hang1, YE Fa-ming6,7, MA Xiao-rui1, YANG Qing6,7, HAN Xin-ning8, LI Wei1   

  1. 1. College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    2. Hanzhong City Nanzheng District Soil and Water Conservation Station, Nanzheng, Shaanxi Province 723100, China;
    3. Dingbian Meteorological Bureau, Dingbian, Shaanxi Province 718600, China;
    4. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province 750021, China;
    5. College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    6. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    7. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    8. College of Resources, Environment and Life Sciences, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000, China
  • Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-09-14 Published:2026-04-15

摘要: 探究放牧对长期封育草地生态系统多功能性(Ecosystem multifunctionality,EMF)的影响,对于草地可持续管理具有重要意义。本研究在宁夏云雾山长期封育草地开展为期4年的甘肃马鹿(Cervus elaphus kansuensis)不同放牧强度(对照、轻度、中度、重度)试验,通过测定植物性状、物种多样性、功能多样性以及11个草地功能指标,利用相关性分析、线性回归、随机森林模型等方法,探究不同放牧强度对长期封育草地生态系统多功能性的影响。结果表明:与重度放牧相比,适度放牧(即轻度和中度放牧)显著提高禾草与豆科植物的覆盖度和密度;适度放牧显著提升叶片氮含量、Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度、功能离散度、土壤全磷含量及EMF;群落盖度、密度、叶片碳氮含量及多项多样性指数与EMF呈显著正相关;放牧强度、群落结构特征、叶片功能性状及物种多样性指数是EMF的重要预测因子。综上,适度放牧通过改善群落结构、优化叶片功能性状以及促进群落物种多样性,从而显著增强了长期封育草地的生态系统多功能性。

关键词: 放牧, 长期封育草地, 草地植物群落结构, 草地植物群落多样性, 生态系统多功能性

Abstract: Exploring the effects of grazing on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in long-term enclosed grasslands is of great significance for sustainable grassland management. A 4-year grazing experiment with four intensities (control, light, moderate, and heavy) using Cervus elaphus kansuensis was conducted in the long-term enclosed grasslands of Yunwushan, Ningxia. Plant traits, species diversity, functional diversity and 11 grassland functional indicators were measured, and correlation analysis, linear regression and random forest models were employed to investigate the impacts of grazing intensity on grassland EMF.Results showed that compared with heavy grazing, moderate grazing (light and moderate intensities) significantly increased the coverage and density of gramineous and leguminous plants, as well as leaf nitrogen content, Shannon-Wiener index, species richness, Pielou evenness index, functional divergence index, soil total phosphorus content and EMF. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between EMF and community coverage, density, leaf carbon and nitrogen contents, and multiple diversity indices. Grazing intensity, community structural characteristics, leaf functional traits and species diversity indices were confirmed as important predictors of EMF.In conclusion, EMF in long-term enclosed grasslands is significantly enhanced by moderate grazing through the improvement of community structure, optimization of leaf functional traits and promotion of community species diversity.

Key words: Grazing, Long-term enclosed grassland, Grassland plant community structure, Grassland plant community diversity, Ecosystem multifunctionality

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