放牧强度对肉牛行为的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.09.014

草地学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1974-1982.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.09.014

放牧强度对肉牛行为的影响

侯路路¹, 王旭¹, 张翔², 闫玉春¹, 闫瑞瑞¹, 程利³, 辛晓平¹

1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081;
2. 内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010022;
3. 呼伦贝尔市林业和草原科学研究所, 内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021000

收稿日期:2021-06-16 修回日期:2021-07-19 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-10-14
通讯作者: 辛晓平,E-mail:xinxiaoping@caas.cn
作者简介:侯路路(1994-),女,汉族,河南焦作人,博士研究生,主要从事草地生态遥感研究,E-mail:houll94@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目：草地碳收支监测评估技术合作研究（2017YFE0104500）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0500600）；国家自然科学基金“基于全生命周期分析的多尺度草甸草原经营景观碳收支研究”（41771205）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-34）；草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室开放课题（SKLGAE-2019-07）资助

The Effect of Grazing Intensity on Beef Cattle’s Behavior

HOU Lu-lu¹, WANG Xu¹, ZHANG Xiang², YAN Yu-chun¹, YAN Rui-rui¹, CHENG Li³, XIN Xiao-ping¹

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. College of Geographical Sciences Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China;
3. Hulunbuir Forestry and Grassland Science Research Institute, Hulunbuir Inner Mongolia 021000, China

Received:2021-06-16 Revised:2021-07-19 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究家畜行为对不同放牧强度和月份的响应规律，本文通过控制试验和随机区组排列方法，设置3个放牧强度（轻度（G1：0.23 cow·Au·ha^-1）、中度（G3：0.46 cow·Au·ha^-1）、重度（G5：0.92 cow·Au·ha^-1））和3个重复，在2018年7—9月，每个小区选取2头肉牛佩戴GPS电子项圈并人工观测、记录其各行为发生的时间，分析其时空特征。结果表明，时间上，家畜采食时间>休息时间>游走时间，采食时间比例分别为53.19%（G1），62.06%（G3）和66.60%（G5）；空间上，随着放牧强度的增加，家畜的运动距离越大，分别为3.53 km （G1），4.05 km （G3）和4.89 km （G5）；家畜的活动区范围随着放牧强度的增加显著增加，重度放牧为69.62%，8月份家畜活动区范围最大，为67.25%。考虑放牧强度和月份两个影响家畜行为的因子，放牧强度占据主导地位。家畜行为监测有利于实现草地资源合理利用的同时，也对家畜进行智能化管理。

关键词: 放牧, 肉牛, 采食行为, GPS, 时空特征

Abstract: To investigate the response of livestock behavior to different grazing intensities and at different months. Three grazing intensities experiments were carried out, including mild (G1:0.23 cow·Au·ha^-1), moderate (G3:0.46 cow·Au·ha^-1), and heavy (G5:0.92 cow·Au·ha^-1) grazing. Three replicates were given, and arranged in random blocks. The experiments period was from July to September in 2018. We selected 2 cows wearing GPS electronic collars and manually observed and recorded the occurrence of each behavior time in each plot, and analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of grazing livestock behavior. The results showed that in terms of time, livestock feeding time > resting time > walking time, and the proportion of feeding time was 53.19% (G1), 62.06% (G3) and 66.60% (G5), respectively. Spatially, with the increasing of grazing intensity, the greater the distance of livestock, which were 3.53 km (G1), 4.05 km (G3) and 4.89 km (G5), The range of livestock activities increased significantly with the increase of grazing intensity. Under heavy grazing increased by 69.62%. The range of livestock activity areas was the largest in August was 67.25%. Considering the two factors that affect livestock behavior, grazing intensity and month, grazing intensity occupies a dominant position. Livestock behavior monitoring is conducive to the rational use of grassland resources and intelligent management of livestock.

Key words: Grazing, Cattle, Foraging, GPS, Temporal and spatial feature

中图分类号:

S821.4+3

侯路路, 王旭, 张翔, 闫玉春, 闫瑞瑞, 程利, 辛晓平. 放牧强度对肉牛行为的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(9): 1974-1982.

HOU Lu-lu, WANG Xu, ZHANG Xiang, YAN Yu-chun, YAN Rui-rui, CHENG Li, XIN Xiao-ping. The Effect of Grazing Intensity on Beef Cattle’s Behavior[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(9): 1974-1982.

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放牧强度对肉牛行为的影响

The Effect of Grazing Intensity on Beef Cattle’s Behavior

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