草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 2808-2819.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.09.006

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

水分调控对不同品种紫花苜蓿生产性能及土壤酶的影响

王雪丽1, 王云玲2,3, 齐开源1, 严海军4, 王显国5, 孟根其格木6, 周立业1   

  1. 1. 内蒙古民族大学草业学院, 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    2. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 河北 保定 071000;
    3. 河北省饲草资源开发与绿色高效利用技术创新中心, 河北 保定 071000;
    4. 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 北京 100083;
    5. 中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193;
    6. 通辽市草原工作站, 内蒙古 通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2025-01-16 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 周立业，E-mail：toni2002@126.com
  • 作者简介:王雪丽（1999-），女，汉族，内蒙古通辽人，硕士研究生，主要从事草地生态与环境修复方面研究，E-mail：w19847556757@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费（GXKY23Z081/GXKY22243）；国家牧草产业技术体系（CARS-34）；河北省自然科学基金项目（E2024204012）资助

Effects of Water Regulation on the Production Performance of Different Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） Varieties and Soil Enzymes

WANG Xue-li1, WANG Yun-ling2,3, QI Kai-yuan1, YAN Hai-jun4, WANG Xian-guo5, MENG Gen-qi-ge-mu6, ZHOU Li-ye1   

  1. 1. College of Pratacultural, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province 071000, China;
    3. Hebei Province Forage Resource Development and Green Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei Province 071000, China;
    4. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
    5. College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    6. Tongliao Grassland Workstation, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
  • Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-01-16 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-22

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摘要： 本试验选用了‘飞跃’‘敖汉’和‘骑士T’3个品种紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）作为研究对象，采用随机区组设计，设定了5个灌溉水平，分别为W1（55%W）、W2（70%W）、W3（85%W）、W4（100%W）、W5（115%W），其中W为常规灌水量，是土壤含水率由田间持水量（Field capacity，FC）的60%~65%增加至95%FC所需的灌水量，研究了5个灌溉水平下3种紫花苜蓿生产性能及土壤酶活性的变化，并探讨了紫花苜蓿生产性能与土壤酶活性之间的相关性。结果表明：苜蓿干草产量随灌溉水平提高呈先增加后降低的趋势，苜蓿的年最高干草产量分别为15 923.92，15 418.73和17 410.25 kg·hm-2；灌水量增加显著提高了苜蓿的株高、生长速度、一级分枝数、比叶面积、土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性；3个品种苜蓿的粗蛋白含量均在W5处最低；土壤酶活性与苜蓿的生长特性、产量品质显著相关。综合分析表明，‘飞跃’‘敖汉’‘骑士T’的最优灌溉水平分别为W3，W4，W3。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 灌溉水平, 产量, 生长特性, 营养品质, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: In this experiment， three alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） varieties， namely ‘Feiyue’‘Aohan’ and ‘Knight T’， were selected as the research objects. A randomized block design was adopted， and five irrigation levels were set， namely W1 （55%W）， W2 （70%W）， W3 （85%W）， W4 （100%W）， and W5 （115%W）， where W was the conventional irrigation amount， which was the irrigation amount required to increase the soil moisture content from 60%-65% of the field water holding capacity to 95% of the field capacity （Field capacity， FC）. The changes of production performance of the three alfalfa varieties and the activities of soil enzymes under the five irrigation levels were studied， and the correlations between the production performance of alfalfa and the activities of soil enzymes were explored. The results showed that the yield of alfalfa hay increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation levels. The highest annual hay yields of alfalfa were 15 923.92 kg·hm-2， 15 418.73 kg·hm-2， and 17 410.25 kg·hm-2， respectively. An increase in the irrigation amount significantly improved the plant height， growth rate， number of primary branches， specific leaf area of alfalfa， as well as the activities of soil invertase and phosphatase. The crude protein contents of the three alfalfa varieties were the lowest at W5. The activities of soil enzymes were significantly correlated with the growth characteristics， yield， and quality of alfalfa. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the optimal irrigation levels for ‘Feiyue’ ‘Aohan’ and ‘Knight T’ were W3， W4， and W3， respectively.

Key words: Alfalfa, Irrigation levels, Yield, Growth characteristics, Nutritional quality, Soil enzyme activity

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