Abstract: In order to clarify the differences on head smut-resistance of 629 maize germplasm resources and hybrids from at home and abroad,the study used the artificial inoculation method to screen and evaluate resistance to head smut from 2016 to 2018 under field conditions. The results showed that 25 materials were highly resistant,including L311,18236(2),221103,accounting for 3.97% of the total of materials. 34 materials were resistant,such as HVN-1,B07060-1,YJ001496 and so on,accounting for 5.41%. Fifty five materials were moderately resistant,such as C7172,zce-4,CI103,et al,accounting for 8.74% of the total of materials. Other 322 and 193 materials were susceptible and highly susceptible with the percentage of 51.20 and 30.68,respectively. Among them,there were 32 inbred lines with middle resistance or above,accounting for 12.03% of tested 266 inbred lines;there were 23 hybrids with middle resistance or above,accounting for 16.20% of tested 142 hybrids;and there were 59 peasant resources with middle resistance or above,accounting for 27.31% of tested 216 peasant resources. Further analysis found that the resistance level of germplasm from Guizhou province was higher than that from Inner mongolia,Sichuan province,Russia and Mexico. Meanwhile,the resistance level of hybrids from Paraguay was higher than Brazil in 142 hybrids.

Key words: Maize, Germplasm resources, Hybrid, Head smut, Resistance evaluation

摘要： 为明确629份国内外玉米（Zea mays）种质及杂交种抗丝黑穗病差异，本研究于2016-2018年间采用人工接种法对其进行了田间抗性鉴定，研究结果表明：L311，18236（2），黄糯包谷（221103）等共25份材料表现高抗，占总鉴定材料的3.97%；HVN-1，B07060-1，YJ001496等34份抗病材料表现抗，占总鉴定材料的5.41%；C7172，zce-4，CI103等55份材料表现中抗，分别占总鉴定材料的8.74%；其余322份和193份表现感和高感，分别占总鉴定材料的51.20%和30.68%。分析发现，在266份自交系中，表现中抗及以上自交系共32份，占供试自交系的12.03%；在142份杂交种中，表现中抗及以上杂交种有23份，占供试杂交种的16.20%；在216份农家种中，表现中抗及以上农家种有59份，占供试农家种的27.31%。进一步分析发现，来自于中国贵州的种质，其整体抗丝黑穗病的水平明显高于中国云南、内蒙古和四川，也高于俄罗斯和墨西哥种质。同时比较142份国外杂交种的抗性情况，发现来自乌拉圭的杂交种抗丝黑穗病的比例高于巴西。

关键词: 玉米, 种质资源, 杂交种, 丝黑穗病, 抗性评价