Development of Single-copy Nuclear Genes Primer Based on Full-length Transcriptome for Littledalea racemosa

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.009

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 829-839.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.009

Development of Single-copy Nuclear Genes Primer Based on Full-length Transcriptome for Littledalea racemosa

FU Gui^1,2,4, LIU Yu-ping^1,3,4, SU Xu^1,3,4, CAIRANG Zha-xi¹, QU Rong-ju¹, LIU Tao¹, MAO Xuan-rui¹

1. School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
2. College of Ecological Environmental and Resources, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810007, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
4. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China

Received:2025-05-06 Revised:2025-06-16 Published:2026-03-23

基于全长转录组的扇穗茅单拷贝核基因引物开发

富贵^1,2,4, 刘玉萍^1,3,4, 苏旭^1,3,4, 才让扎西¹, 曲荣举¹, 刘涛¹, 毛轩睿¹

1. 青海师范大学生命科学学院, 青海西宁 810008;
2. 青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院, 青海西宁 810007;
3. 青海师范大学/青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008;
4. 青海师范大学/高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海西宁 810016

通讯作者: 苏旭，E-mail：xusu8527972@126.com
作者简介:富贵（1987-），男，汉族，甘肃天水人，副教授，主要从事青藏高原植物系统进化和物种适应性研究，E-mail：qhmdfg@163.com；
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金面上项目：扇穗茅属种质资源遗传多样性研究及优异种质资源筛选（2026-ZJ-912M）；2025年度青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”项目资助

Abstract

Abstract: To clarify the basic characteristics of single-copy nuclear gene sequences in Littledalea racemosa and obtain effective single-copy nuclear gene molecular markers， the single-copy homologous genes were identified using OrthorFinder software based on third-generation full-length transcriptome data of L. racemosa in this study. And then through PCR amplification and population testing experiments， 10 pairs of single-copy nuclear gene molecular marker primers for L. racemosa were successfully developed. The results showed that a total of 48 219 CDS （coding sequence） regions were detected in the L. racemosa transcriptome， with an average of 1.57 coding regions per transcript. A total of 301 single-copy nuclear gene sequences were obtained based on the amino acid sequences of transcriptome CDS and finally， 10 pairs of single-copy nuclear gene primers were obtained， which demonstrated effective amplification performance and exhibited intraspecific variation. A total of 64 individuals of L. racemosa were successfully amplified through all 10 pairs of single-copy nuclear genes primers. The gene sequences exhibited extensive variation in polymorphism. The number of segregating sites （S） ranged from 13 to 42， with an average of 24.4. The number of haplotypes （h） ranged from 16 to 32， with an average of 23.7. The average number of nucleotide differences （k） ranged from 2.275 to 16.497， with an average of 7.686. The haplotype diversity （H_d） ranged from 0.776 to 0.896， with an average of 0.841. The nucleotide diversity （π） ranged from 3.05×10^-3 to 15.61×10^-3， with an average of 10.50×10^-3， and the Watterson’s estimator （θw） ranged from 3.27×10^-3 to 9.92×10^-3， with an average of 6.21×10^-3. The genetic differentiation results showed that the genetic variation of 15 populations of L. racemosa mainly existed within populations. Phylogenetic trees constructed using the 10 single-copy nuclear genes demonstrated congruent relationships among five Poaceae species. The 10 pairs of L. racemosa single-copy nuclear gene primers developed in this study， providing abundant candidate markers for future research on phylogeny， and resource conservation and utilization for Littledalea species.

Key words: Littledalea racemosa, Transcriptome, Single-copy nuclear genes, Phylogeny

摘要： 为探明扇穗茅（Littledalea racemosa）核基因单拷贝序列基本特征及筛选有效的单拷贝核基因分子标记，本研究基于扇穗茅三代全长转录组数据，利用OthorFinder软件进行了单拷贝同源基因的检索，并通过PCR扩增和群体检测实验，筛选出了10对扇穗茅单拷贝核基因分子标记引物。研究结果表明：扇穗茅转录组共检测到48 219个CDS编码区，每个转录本平均编码区为1.57个；基于转录组CDS氨基酸序列共检索到301条单拷贝核基因序列，最终筛选出10对扩增效果良好并具有种内变异的单拷贝核基因引物；扇穗茅64个个体在10对单拷贝核基因引物中均成功扩增，基因序列多态性存在广泛变异，分离位点数（S）大小为13~42，平均值为24.4，单倍型数（h）大小为16~32，平均值为23.7；平均核苷酸差异数（k）大小为2.275~16.497，平均值为7.686；单倍型多样性（H_d）大小为0.776~0.896，平均值为0.841；核苷酸多样性（π）大小为3.05×10^-3~15.61×10^-3，平均值为10.50×10^-3；Watterson参数（θw）大小介于3.27×10^-3~9.92×10^-3，平均值为6.21×10^-3；遗传分化结果显示，扇穗茅15个居群遗传变异主要存在于居群内；利用10个单拷贝核基因序列，构建的5个禾本科物种系统发育树系统发育关系一致。本研究开发的10对扇穗茅单拷贝核基因引物，可为后期扇穗茅属物种系统发育及资源保护利用等方面的研究提供更为丰富的候选标记。

关键词: 扇穗茅, 转录组, 单拷贝核基因, 系统发育

CLC Number:

S543.9

FU Gui, LIU Yu-ping, SU Xu, CAIRANG Zha-xi, QU Rong-ju, LIU Tao, MAO Xuan-rui. Development of Single-copy Nuclear Genes Primer Based on Full-length Transcriptome for Littledalea racemosa[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(3): 829-839.

富贵, 刘玉萍, 苏旭, 才让扎西, 曲荣举, 刘涛, 毛轩睿. 基于全长转录组的扇穗茅单拷贝核基因引物开发[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(3): 829-839.

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Development of Single-copy Nuclear Genes Primer Based on Full-length Transcriptome for Littledalea racemosa

基于全长转录组的扇穗茅单拷贝核基因引物开发

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