草地学报

›› 2005, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 170-171.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2005.02.018

• 博士论文摘要 • 上一篇    下一篇

结缕草繁殖特性及其种子生产技术的研究

马春晖1, 韩建国2   

  1. 1. 塔里木大学动物科技学院, 新疆, 阿拉尔市 843300;
    2. 中国农业大学草地研究所, 北京, 100094
  • 收稿日期:2005-03-06 修回日期:2005-03-23 出版日期:2005-05-15 发布日期:2005-05-15
  • 作者简介:马春晖(1966年- ),男,陕西合阳县人,博士,教授,主要从事牧草(草坪草)种子生产方面研究,发表论文30多篇,出版著作5部,E-mail:ch unhuim a@s oh u.com
  • 基金资助:
    农业部“948”重大项目(202099)专题“牧草种子生产技术的研究与示范”;高等学校博士点基金项目“牧草种子产量形成机理研究”(20010019004);中国农业大学草地研究所与青岛海源草坪有限公司横向合作项目“结缕草种子生产技术的研究”资助

Study on the Propagating Characters and Seed Production Technology of Zoysia japonica

MA Chun-hui1, HANJian-guo2   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, China;
    2. Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2005-03-06 Revised:2005-03-23 Online:2005-05-15 Published:2005-05-15

PDF

摘要： 2001-2003年在山东胶州市对结缕草(Zoysia japonica Steud.)繁殖特性及种子生产技术进行研究,结果表明:1.抽穗期前15～40d以前的低温和光照时间十分有利于结缕草小穗的分化和形成(r=0.89)。结缕草的结实率、种子数与抽穗期前5d和后15d的积温、光照时数均呈正相关,差异显著。光温互作对千粒重影响较大的是抽穗期后10～20d的光温因子(r=0.90)。2.结缕草生殖枝是从冬性植株上产生的;播种区结缕草93.0%的生殖枝是在匍匐茎上产生的,而栽植区70%～80%的生殖枝是根茎上产生的。结缕草分蘖株龄主要是1龄株,4～9月播种区1龄分蘖株占总分蘖株数的92.65%,栽植区的占96.78%,2龄株所占比例分别为6.75%和2.81%。3.在繁殖分配中果穗最重,其干重约为50mg,其次为叶、茎。结缕草匍匐茎上果穗占全株重的57.63%,比根茎上果穗所占比例略低,两者茎、叶所占比例都在9.0%和30.0%左右。4.栽植和播种建植结缕草种子田第3年才能形成较高的种子产量,种子产量达844kg/hm2以上。但播种区第2年种子产量很低(<22.5kg/hm2),而栽植区种子产量可达150kg/hm2左右。

关键词: 结缕草, 繁殖, 种子生产

Abstract: A study on the reproduction characters and technologies of seed production of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) was conducted in Jiaozhou, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The results indicated:1. The low temperature and length of illumination during the 15 to 40 days before heading facilitated the differentiation and development of spikelets (r=0.89). The grass’seed setting percentage and seed per spike were positively correlated to the accumulated temperature and sunlight hours during the 5 days before and the 15 days after heading, and the difference was significant. The interplay of sunlight and temperature during the 10-20 days after heading was a sensitive period that affected the weight of zoysiagrass seed (r=0.90).2. All reproductive tillers of zoysiagrass emerged from plants that had survived the winter. In the seeding plot, 93% of the reproductive tillers rose up from stolons, while in the transplant plot, 70%～80% came out from rhizomes. Most of the zoysiagrass tillers were one year old. In the April-to-September seeding plot and the transplant plot, 92.65% and 96.78% were one year old tillers, and 6.75% and 2.81% two year olds, respectively.3. A spike was the heaviest in the whole plant, averaging 50 mg in dry weight, followed by a leaf and stem. The spikes from stolons took 57.63% of the weight of a whole plant, somewhat lighter than that of spikes growing on rhizomes. Stems and leaves of a plant of each type took about 9.0% and 30.0% of the whole plant, respectively.4. The third year after zoysiagrass seeding and transplanting saw the seed yield to ascend, reaching 844 kg/hm2 or more. The lowest seed yield of the seeding plot fell on the second year after sowing, a mere 22.5 kg/hm2, while that of the transplant plot of the same year was about 150 kg/hm2.5. An appropriate rate of nitrogenous fertilizer could increase zoysiagrass’ number of reproductive tillers and seed production. A rate of 30 kgN/hm2 (20 kgN/hm2 in autumn and 10 kgN/hm2 next spring) achieved the excellent results of growing 3343/m2 and 2941/m2 reproductive tillers, and seed yield of 844.

Key words: Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica steud.), Reproduction, Seed yield

中图分类号: