草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 677-684.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.04.001

• 前沿研究 •    下一篇

云雾山天然草地30年恢复演替过程中优势草种生态位动态

史晓晓1, 程积民1,2,3, 于飞4, 朱仁斌3, 赵新宇2   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    2. 中国科学院水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    3. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    4. 西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-08 修回日期:2013-11-25 出版日期:2014-08-15 发布日期:2014-08-04
  • 通讯作者: 程积民
  • 作者简介:史晓晓（1989-），女，河南洛阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向为旱区草地生态，E-mail：shixiaoxiao666@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目“气候变化背景下黄土高原土地利用影响径流的空间尺度效应”（41230852）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题”（XDA05050202）；农业部“现代农业产业技术体系建设专项”（CARS-35-40）资助

Niche Dynamics of Dominant Species during the 30 Years Restoration Process of Natural Grassland in Yunwu Mountain

SHI Xiao-xiao1, CHENG Ji-min1,2,3, YU Fei4, ZHU Ren-bin3, ZHAO Xin-yu2   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    3. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    4. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
  • Received:2013-10-08 Revised:2013-11-25 Online:2014-08-15 Published:2014-08-04

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摘要：

为探究云雾山天然草地30年恢复演替过程中优势草种的生态位动态，通过典型样方调查，运用Levins和Pianka公式分别对封育5年、9年、14年、18年和30年天然草地的主要物种生态位进行了分析。结果表明：不同封育年限草地的物种组成与群落类型具有明显差异，阿尔泰狗哇花（Heteropappus altaicus）、大针茅（Stipa grandis）、二裂委陵菜（Potentilla bifurca）和百里香（Thymus mongolicus）4个种群生态位总宽度较大，且在5个不同封育年限草地均有出现。云雾山原建群种长芒草（Stipa bungeana）生态位宽度也较大，但在封育30年样方中未发现其分布。不同封育年限各物种生态位宽度排序和其总宽度排序并不相同，封育5年、9年和14年的草地中生态位宽度最大的分别是长芒草、甘肃蒿（Artemisia gansuensis）和猪毛蒿（A.scoparia），封育18年和30年草地大针茅最大。随着封育年限增加，优势物种的生态位宽度出现波动，大针茅的生态位宽度随封育年限增加呈现“升-降-升”的动态变化，封育5~18年，长芒草生态位宽度变化表现为先降后升，甘青针茅（S.przewalskyi）只在封育30年样地出现，但其生态位宽度仅次于大针茅。种群间生态位重叠与不同封育年限草地种群生态位宽度无线性关系，封育9年草地种群间的生态位重叠指数均值最大，封育14年和30年草地的生态位重叠指数均值呈递增趋势。随着封育年限的增加，草地生态系统逐渐得到恢复，种间竞争也随之增加。

关键词: 云雾山, 封育草地, 生态位, 恢复, 演替

Abstract:

In order to explore the niche dynamics of dominant species during 30 years restoration process of natural grassland in Yunwu Mountain, the ecological niches of the main species in different enclosure years were calculated using Levin's and Pianka's indices, based on the field survey data got by "quadrat method". Results showed that the species composition and community types differed among the grasslands of different enclosure years. The niche breadths of Heteropappus altaicus, Stipa grandis, Potentilla bifurca and Thymus mongolicus, which appeared in the grasslands of five treatments, were larger than that of other species. Stipa bungeana that used to be a dominant species of Yunwu Mountain with large niche breadth was not found in the quadrats of 30-year enclosure grassland. The species with largest niche breadth in grasslands of enclosure 5-year, 9-year, 14-year, 18-year and 30-year were Stipa bungeana, Artemisia gansuensis, Artemisia scoparia, Stipa grandisand Stipa grandis, respectively. The niche breadth of dominant species fluctuated with the increase of enclosure years. The niche breadth of Stipa grandis showed "up-down-up" trend along with the increasing of enclosure years. The niche breadth of Stipa bungeana initially declined then increased after 18-year enclosure.Theniche breadth ofStipa przewalskyi, which appeared only in 30-year enclosure plots, ranked only second to Stipa grandis. There was no a linear relationship between the niche overlap and niche breadth of tested species in the grasslands at different enclosure years. The average value of niche overlap indices was the largest in 9-year enclosure grassland. The grassland ecosystem was gradually restored with long time enclosure. Meanwhile, interspecific competition was also increased.

Key words: Yunwu Mountain, Enclosure grassland, Niche, Restoration, Succession

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