草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 53-61.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.01.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

青藏高原特有种—黄缨菊不同居群的染色体核型研究

靳佳瑞1,2, 刘玉萍1,2,3, 苏旭1,2,3, 刘涛4, 曲荣举1,2, 张朋辉1,2, 余明君1,2, 杨倩1,2, 胡夏宇1,2   

  1. 1. 青海师范大学生命科学学院, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 青海师范大学青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    3. 青海师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    4. 青海省高原气候变化及其生态环境效应重点实验室/青海理工大学, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30 修回日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2025-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 苏旭,E-mail：xusu8527972@126.com；刘涛,E-mail：532226527@qq.com
  • 作者简介:靳佳瑞（1999-）,男,汉族,山西长治人,硕士研究生,主要从事高山植物系统与进化研究,E-mail：jin13546511269@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海理工大学（筹）“昆仑英才”人才引进科研项目（2023-QLGKLYCZX-012）；2023年中央林业草原生态保护恢复资金野生动植物保护项目（QHSY-2023-016）；青海省省财政林业改革发展资金林草新技术推广项目（QSCZ-2023-001）资助

Chromosome Karyotype Studies on Different Populations of Xanthopappus subacaulis （Asteraceae）,an Endemic Species from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

JIN Jia-rui1,2, LIU Yu-ping1,2,3, SU Xu1,2,3, LIU Tao4, QU Rong-ju1,2, ZHANG Peng-hui1,2, YU Ming-jun1,2, YANG Qian1,2, HU Xia-yu1,2   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai- Xizang Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    3. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    4. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Climate Change and Corresponding Ecological and Environmental Effects, Qinghai University of Science and Technology, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2024-04-30 Revised:2024-06-25 Published:2025-01-22

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摘要： 本研究利用常规染色体压片技术,对黄缨菊（Xanthopappus subacaulis）6个不同自然居群的染色体核型特征进行分析,探讨它们之间的进化趋势和亲缘关系。结果表明：（1）黄缨菊6个自然居群的染色体倍性均为二倍体,染色体基数为9,不存在额外染色体。（2）着丝粒类型仅有m型,核型公式均为2n=2X=18=18m；染色体类型除居群P002和P004无S型外,其余四个居群均具有L,M1,M2和S四种类型。（3）核型类型仅有1A型,平均臂比处于1.13~1.39,长度比介于1.61~1.78,核不对称系数居于54.76%~55.69%,其中居群P004的平均臂比和核型不对称系数最大,进化程度较高。（4）遗传距离为4时,居群P001和P002聚为一支；遗传距离为1时,居群P003与P004及居群P006与PH52分别聚为两支,各分支内居群间亲缘较近。本研究首次探讨了黄缨菊的染色体核型特征以及居群间的进化趋势和亲缘关系,可为黄缨菊属乃至菊科植物的染色体核型及系统进化研究提供细胞学资料,也可为黄缨菊基因组的测序组装及黄酮类化合物合成关键代谢途径基因的挖掘提供数据基础。

关键词: 黄缨菊, 居群, 染色体核型, 进化趋势, 聚类分析

Abstract: In order to investigate the evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationships among six different natural populations of Xanthopappus subacaulis,we analyzed karyotype characteristics by chromosome conventional slicing technology. The result showed that： （1） The chromosome ploidy of 6 X. subacaulis natural populations was diploid,with the basic number of chromosomes being nine and no extra chromosomes. （2） The centromeric type was consistently identified as the centromeric subtype （m） and the karyotype formula was 2n=2X=18=18m for all X. subacaulis populations. With the exception of P002 and P004,lack of the short （S） type,the remaining four populations included long （L）,medium-long （M1）,medium-short （M2）,and short （S） chromosome types. （3） Among 6 populations of X. subacaulis,all of the karyotype type was 1A,the average arm ratio ranged from 1.13 to 1.39,the length ratio was between 1.61 and 1.78,and the nuclear asymmetry coefficient followed by 54.76% to 55.69%. In these populations,P004 exhibited the largest average arm ratio and nuclear asymmetry coefficient,suggesting that it should have the higher evolutionary position. （4） When the genetic distance was 4,P001 and P002 clustered into a single branch. Similarly,when the genetic distance was 1,P003 and P004,as well as P006 and PH52,formed into two branches,respectively. Within same branch,each population had the closer relationships. This study firstly discussed the chromosomal karyotype characteristics,as well as the evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationships among 6 populations of X. subacaulis,which provides cytological data for the study of karyotypes and systematic evolution of Xanthopappus and even the Asteraceae family,also serves as basic data for sequencing and assembling the genome of X. subacaulis and discovering the key metabolic pathway genes involved in flavonoid synthesis.

Key words: Xanthopappus subacaulis, Population, Chromosome karyotype, Evolutionary trend, Clustering analysis

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