关键词: 外部性理论, 草地生态系统, 草地生态产品, 生态价值实现, 制度体系

Abstract: Grassland ecological products have the characteristics of multi-functions and public goods. Based on the theory of externality,this paper analyzed the property rights and external economic issues of grassland ecological products. At the same time,the direct and indirect economic values of grassland ecological products were quantified,aiming to provide theoretical and empirical basis for the smooth valuation of grassland ecological product. The results show:The property rights of some grassland ecological products were clear and able to bring direct economic value. Meanwhile the property rights of other products were difficult to define,whose supplies produced the positive externalities and generally brought an indirect economic value of 2.15 times of the direct economic value. It was easy to realize direct economic value,but difficult to realize indirect economic value,which needs to be solved through ecological compensation and other measures. In view of the above issues,it was proposed to construct an institutional systems for realizing the value of grassland ecological products,which is composed of management systems,policy systems and legal systems so as to provide a guarantee for the valuation of grassland ecological products.

Key words: Externality theory, Grassland ecosystem, Grassland ecological products, Realization of ecological value, Institutional systems