Chromosomal Ploidy and Karyotype Analysis of 5 Plant Species of Gynostemma Genus

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.005

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 788-795.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.005

Chromosomal Ploidy and Karyotype Analysis of 5 Plant Species of Gynostemma Genus

CHEN Shuang¹, CAO Feng¹, LI Dou-dou¹, GUO Bao-lin¹, SUO Feng-mei¹, CAO Xian-jun², LI Xiao-hu²

1. Institute of Medicinal Plants Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193;
2. Shaanxi Cuiyuankang Agricultural Technology, Ankang, Shaanxi Province 725000, China

Received:2025-06-26 Revised:2025-08-12 Published:2026-03-23

绞股蓝属5种植物的染色体倍性及核型分析

陈霜¹, 曹峰¹, 李豆豆¹, 郭宝林¹, 索凤梅¹, 曹显俊², 李晓虎²

1. 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所, 北京 100193;
2. 陕西萃源康农业科技有限公司, 陕西安康 725000

通讯作者: 郭宝林，E-mail：guobaolin010@163.com
作者简介:陈霜（2004-），女，汉族，四川南充人，硕士研究生，主要从事绞股蓝种质资源研究，E-mail：cs17738210796@163.com；
基金资助:
“陕西省2024年重点研发计划”项目基于生境和生物化学等多维评价的陕产药用绞股蓝种植模式研究（项目编号：2024SF-GJHX-10）资助

Abstract

Abstract: This study employed conventional chromosome squash techniques to analyze the ploidy levels and karyotypes of eight samples from five Gynostemma species， aiming to investigate their evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationships. The results revealed that all eight samples exhibited a basic chromosome number of 11. Among them， G.pentaphyllum collected from Fujian Nanjing was tetraploid， while the remaining seven samples were diploid. Satellite chromosomes were observed in two samples. Chromosome types included two categories： m （metacentric） and sm （submetacentric）. Karyotype classifications comprised four types： 1A， 2A， 1B， and 2B. The ratio of the longest to shortest chromosome ranged from 1.48 to 3.26， with an average arm ratio of 1.26-1.45. The karyotypic asymmetry coefficient varied between 55.59% and 58.56%. Based on karyotype evolution， the samples were ordered as follows： GXH， WZ>GXY>AH， FJ>MD， GXB， YJ. These findings provide cytological evidence for the taxonomic classification and phylogenetic analysis of Gynostemma species.

Key words: Gynostemma, Chromosomes, Ploidy, Karyotype

摘要： 本研究利用常规染色体压片技术，对绞股蓝属5个物种8个样品的倍性及核型进行分析，探讨它们之间的进化趋势和亲缘关系，发现8个样品的染色体基数均为11，除福建南靖产绞股蓝Gynostemma pentaphyllum为四倍体，其余均为二倍体；8个样品中2个样品有随体，染色体类型包括m，sm 2种，核型有1A，2A，1B，2B 4个类型，最长染色体/最短染色体值1.48~3.26，平均臂比值1.26~1.45，核不对称系数55.59%~58.56%。按照核型类型的进化程度分别为GXH，WZ>GXY>AH，FJ>MD，GXB、YJ。这些数据为绞股蓝属植物分类和系统关系研究提供了细胞学依据。

关键词: 绞股蓝属, 染色体, 倍性, 核型

CLC Number:

Q343.2+2

CHEN Shuang, CAO Feng, LI Dou-dou, GUO Bao-lin, SUO Feng-mei, CAO Xian-jun, LI Xiao-hu. Chromosomal Ploidy and Karyotype Analysis of 5 Plant Species of Gynostemma Genus[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(3): 788-795.

陈霜, 曹峰, 李豆豆, 郭宝林, 索凤梅, 曹显俊, 李晓虎. 绞股蓝属5种植物的染色体倍性及核型分析[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(3): 788-795.

References

[1] SU H L. Phylogeography of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and molecular phylogeny of the genus Gynostemma BL.（Cucurbitaceae）[D]. Xi’an：Northwest University，2020：1-15苏海伦. 绞股蓝谱系地理学及绞股蓝属系统发育研究[D]. 西安：西北大学，2020：1-15
[2] LI K，MA C，LI H，et al. Medicinal value and potential therapeutic mechanisms of Gynostemma pentaphyllum （Thunb.） Makino and its derivatives： An overview[J]. Current Topics In Medicinal Chemistry，2019，19（31）：2855-2867
[3] SU C，LI N，REN R R，et al. Progress in the medicinal value，bioactive compounds，and pharmacological activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum[J]. Molecules，2021，26（20）：6249
[4] LIU J G，LI J H，GUO H L，et al. Optimization of chromosome tableting technology and karyotype analysis of Chionanthus retusus root tips[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding，2020，18（24）：8223-8232刘佳庚，李际红，郭海丽，等. 流苏树根尖染色体制片技术优化及核型分析[J]. 分子植物育种，2020，18（24）：8223-8232
[5] LI Z H，LIU Z L，ZHAO P，et al. A review on studies of systematic evolution of Gynostemma bl.[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica，2012，32（10）：2133-2138李忠虎，刘占林，赵鹏，等. 绞股蓝属植物系统进化研究进展述评[J]. 西北植物学报，2012，32（10）：2133-2138
[6] YUN L L，ZHANG C Y，LIANG T T，et al. Insights into dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis from the telomere-to-telomere genome of Gynostemma pentaphyllum[J]. Plant Communications，2024，5（8）：100932
[7] ZHANG X，YANG H，WANG X，et al. Genome-wide identification and characterization of OSC gene family in Gynostemma pentaphyllum（Cucurbitaceae）[J]. Life，2024，14（12）：1599
[8] HUANG D，MING R H，XU S Q，et al. Genome-wide identification of R2R3-MYB transcription factors： discovery of a “dual-function” regulator of gypenoside and flavonol biosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science，2021，12：796248
[9] QIN Y H，LI J M，CHEN J H，et al. Genome-wide characterization of the bHLH gene family in Gynostemma pentaphyllum reveals its potential role in the regulation of gypenoside biosynthesis[J]. BMC Plant Biology，2024，24（1）：205
[10] QIN S S，LI H T， WANG Z Y，et al. Analysis phylogenetic relationship of Gynostemma（Cucurbitaceae）[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica，2015，40（9）：1681-1687秦双双，李海涛，汪周勇，等. 绞股蓝属植物亲缘关系初步分析[J]. 中国中药杂志，2015，40（9）：1681-1687
[11] SUN H，CHEN S K. The microstructural features of seed surfaces and its taxonomic significance in the genus Gynostemma[J]. Plant Diversity，1998，20（3）：309-311孙航，陈书坤. 绞股蓝属植物种皮微结构特征及其分类学意义[J]. 云南植物研究，1998，20（3）：309-311
[12] LI R J，SHANG Z Y，ZHANG J Z. The chromosome observation on 3 species in the genus Gynostemma[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany，1989，24（4）：245-247李汝娟，尚宗燕，张继祖. 三种绞股蓝植物染色体观察[J]. 植物学通报，1989，24（4）：245-247
[13] GAO X F，CHEN S K，GU Z J，et al. A chromosomal study on the genus Gynostemma（Cucurbitaceae）[J]. Plant Diversity，1995，17（3）：312-316高信芬，陈书坤，顾志建，等. 绞股蓝属的染色体研究[J]. 云南植物研究，1995，17（3）：312-316
[14] YANG Q Y，WEI P H，LI G L. A study on the karyotype of Gynostemma laxiflorum[J]. Journal of Nanjing Normal University （Natural Science Edition），1995，18（1）：85-87，93杨启银，韦平和，李桂兰. 疏花绞股蓝的核型研究[J]. 南京师大学报（自然科学版），1995，18（1）：85-87，93
[15] HUANG X Y，NONG D X，HUANG B Y，et al. Gynostemma verrucosum （Cucurbitaceae），a new species with verrucose stem from Guangxi，China[J]. Phytotaxa，2024，649（3）：293-300
[16] CHEN S K，LU A M，CHARLES J. Flora of China[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2011：11-15
[17] QU R J，LIU Y P，CHEN J Y，et al. Chromosome karyotype analysis from six different populations of Sphaerophysa salsula（Fabaceae）[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2024，32（8）：2469-2477曲荣举，刘玉萍，陈金元，等. 苦马豆（Sphaerophysa salsula）6个不同居群的染色体核型分析[J]. 草地学报，2024，32（8）：2469-2477
[18] LI M X， CHEN R Y. A suggestion on the standardization of karyotype analysis in plants[J]. Plant Science Journal，1985，3（4）：297-302李懋学，陈瑞阳. 关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J]. 武汉植物学研究，1985，3（4）：297-302
[19] LEVAN A，FREDGA K，SANDBERG A A. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes[J]. Hereditas，1964，52（2）：201-220
[20] ARANO H. Cytological studies in subfamily carduoideae （Compositae） of Japan XII[J]. Shokubutsugaku Zasshi，1963，76（900）：219-224
[21] STEBBINS G L. Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[M]. London：Edward Arnold，1971：20-30
[22] KUO S K， WANG T T， HUANG T C. Karyotype analysis of some Formosan gymnosperms[J]. Taiwania， 1972， 17（1）： 66-80
[23] LI M X，ZHANG F. Plant Chromosome research technology[M]. Harbin：Northeast Forestry University Press， 1991：1-30李懋学，张方. 植物染色体研究技术[M]. 哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社，1991：1-30
[24] TAO D H，LI X H，WANG L Q，et al. Research progress on identification methods of plant chromosome ploidy[J]. Life Science Research，2009，13（5）：453-458陶抵辉，李小红，王利群，等. 植物染色体倍性鉴定方法研究进展[J]. 生命科学研究，2009，13（5）：453-458
[25] JIN J R，LIU Y P，SU X，et al. Chromosome karyotype studies on different populations of Xanthopappus Subacaulis（Asteraceae），an endemic species from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2025，33（1）：53-61靳佳瑞，刘玉萍，苏旭，等. 青藏高原特有种—黄缨菊不同居群的染色体核型研究[J]. 草地学报，2025，33（1）：53-61
[26] WANG Z X，WEI C，LIAN Y Q，et al. Karyotype analysis of four Lilium species from China[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica，2013，40（11）：2207-2212王中轩，魏迟，廉玉芹，等. 中国原产4种野生百合的核型分析[J]. 园艺学报，2013，40（11）：2207-2212
[27] SUN H N，LI M Y，LIU D Y，et al. Chromosome number identification and karyotype analysis of Coreopsis L[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2021，29（11）：2477-2485孙浩男，李明阳，刘冬云，等. 不同种（品种）金鸡菊的染色体数目鉴定及核型分析[J]. 草地学报，2021，29（11）：2477-2485
[28] ALAM M，HAQU E， GHOSH B. Karyomorphological studies of six commercially cultivated edible cucurbits： bitter gourd， sponge gourd， ridge gourd， snake gourd， ash gourd and cucumber[J]. Caryologia，2018，71（2）：150-159
[29] LI M X，YAN X C. Studies on karyotypes of some wild and cultivated tea in China[J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research，1985，3（4）：319-324，491-493李懋学，严学成. 中国某些野生和栽培茶的核型研究[J]. 武汉植物学研究，1985，3（4）：319-324，491-493

Chromosomal Ploidy and Karyotype Analysis of 5 Plant Species of Gynostemma Genus

绞股蓝属5种植物的染色体倍性及核型分析

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	DANG Jia-qi, WANG Xin, SU Ni-ni, GUO Yi-di, JI Jia-hui, LIU Ling-yun, TENG Ke, MU Na, YUE Yue-sen, FAN Xi-feng. Induction and Identification Analysis of Tetraploid Pennisetum alopecuroides ‘Ziguang’ [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(10): 3430-3437.
[2]	JIN Jia-rui, LIU Yu-ping, SU Xu, LIU Tao, QU Rong-ju, ZHANG Peng-hui, YU Ming-jun, YANG Qian, HU Xia-yu. Chromosome Karyotype Studies on Different Populations of Xanthopappus subacaulis （Asteraceae）,an Endemic Species from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(1): 53-61.
[3]	QU Rong-ju, LIU Yu-ping, CHEN Jin-yuan, SU Xu, ZHANG Peng-hui, JIN Jia-rui, YU Ming-jun, YANG Qian. Chromosome Karyotype Analysis from Six Different Populations of Sphaerophysa salsula (Fabaceae) [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(8): 2469-2477.
[4]	DONG Shuang-hui, JIA Ming, ZHANG Hui, TENG Ke, TENG Wen-jun, WEN Hai-feng, FAN Xi-feng, YUE Yue-sen, WU Ju-ying, DING Guo-chang. The Physiological Response and Tolerance Evaluation of Tetraploid Carex breviculmis to Low Temperature [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(7): 2089-2098.
[5]	DUAN Ying-zi, MENG Ran, LI Zhao-jia, FENG Wei, WANG Xiu-ping. Cluster Analysis of the Karyotype and Resemblance-near Coefficients of Dandelion in Different Geographical Populations in Hebei [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(6): 1893-1901.
[6]	XIAO Kong-zhong, LI Hui, YAN Jian-xing, YANG Li-jie, LEI Lei. Analysis of Ploidy Levels and FISH Karyotypes of Three Zephyranthes Cultivars [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(2): 444-449.
[7]	YANG Ping, SU Xu, LIU Yu-ping, WANG Ya-nan, HU Xia-yu, CHEN Jin-yuan. Chromosome Number and Karyotype Analysis from Different Populations of Littledalea racemosa [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(7): 1712-1720.
[8]	ZHANG Li-tian, LIU De-mei, LIU Bo, YANG Shi-hai, WANG Yan-long, WANG Xiao-li, MA Yu-shou. Karyotype Analysis of Pennisetum centrasiaticum in Shigatse,Tibet [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(7): 1589-1593.
[9]	SUN Hao-nan, TIAN Lin, WEN Chun-xiu, LIU Dong-yun, WANG Xin, LI Ming-yang. Karyotype Analysis of 28 Chinese Germplasms in Perilla [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(6): 1242-1248.
[10]	WANG Jing, FU Bing-zhe. Research Progress on Chromosome Doubling of Grass Based on Bibliometric Analysis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(3): 413-424.
[11]	SUN Hao-nan, LI Ming-yang, LIU Dong-yun, WANG Xin, TIAN Lin, WU Fang-fang. Chromosome Number Identification and Karyotype Analysis of Coreopsis L. [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(11): 2477-2485.
[12]	QIAO Yong-gang, WANG Yong-fei, CAO Ya-ping, HE Jia-xin, JIA Meng-jun, LI Zheng, ZHANG Xinrui, SONG Yun. Cluster Analysis of Karyotypes Resemblance-near Coefficient of 13 Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. Species [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(1): 285-290.
[13]	ZHANG Ying, LI Li-qian, LIU Qiang. Genetic Diversity of the Invasive Plant Praxelis clematidea Populations in Hainan Island and Western Guangdong Province Based on Chromosome Karyotype [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(1): 274-278.
[14]	LI Lei, DONG Kuan-hu. Chromosome Karyotyping of Bothriochloa ischaemum in Shanxi [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(1): 38-41.
[15]	LIANG Guo-ling, ZHOU Qing-ping, LIU Wen-hui, GENG Fan, YAN Hong-bo, CHEN Shi-yong. Study on Morphology and Cytology of Oats I-D Hybrids and Its Parents [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(5): 1026-1031.