关键词: 博弈论, 放牧, 退牧还草

Abstract: More than 1/3 of natural grassland in China is degradation. The policy of returning grazing land to grassland is an important way to combat with grassland degradation. However,returning grazing land to grassland also leads to illegal grazing. The game theory was applied here to analyze the strategies of players,i.e. government and herdsman household. We explored the optimal strategies and simulated them. The results showed that:there were several ways to restrain the illegal grazing,including increasing the probability of illegal grazing detected,reducing inspection costs,and increasing the amount of fines. It is suggested that living patterns of herdsman households should be changed from scattered to centralized;the person,who carries out the inspection of illegal grazing behavior,could be recruited widely in society;the supervised regions should be divided clearly and normally inspected by resident staffs;and the amount of the fine should be determined according to special conditions. This study is helpful for drawing up the countermeasures of illegal grazing behavior and for promoting the coordinated development of population,resources and environment.

Key words: Game theory, Grazing, Returning grazing land to grassland