草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 4212-4221.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.12.033

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

枯草芽孢杆菌与不同类型乳酸菌复配对五节芒青贮品质的影响研究

郭阳1,2, 汪雅婷1,2, 穆麟1,2, 沈佳欣1,2, 胥贵1,2, 匡宗洋1,2, 刘正君2, 张志飞1,2   

  1. 1. 湖南农业大学农学院, 湖南 长沙 410128;
    2. 湖南岳阳饲草科技小院, 湖南 岳阳 414104
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-05 修回日期:2025-01-19 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 张志飞，E-mail：zhangzf@hunau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郭阳（1999-），男，汉族，内蒙古扎兰屯人，硕士研究生，主要从事饲草学研究，E-mail：2359408544@qq.com；
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题（2024YFD1301204）资助

Effects of Bacillus subtilis Combined with Different Types of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Quality of Miscabthus floridulus Silage

GUO Yang1,2, WANG Ya-ting1,2, MU Lin1,2, SHEN Jia-xin1,2, XU Gui1,2, KUANG Zong-yang1,2, LIU Zheng-jun2, ZHANG Zhi-fei1,2   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, China;
    2. Hunan Yueyang Forage Science and Technology Courtyard, Yueyang, Hunan Province 414104, China
  • Received:2024-12-05 Revised:2025-01-19 Published:2025-12-01

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摘要： 为探究微生物复配添加提升五节芒（Miscabthus floridulus）青贮品质的方法，本试验设计枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）（添加或不添加，2个水平）与不同发酵类型的乳酸菌[嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）、布氏乳杆菌（L. buchneri）、植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum）以及不添加乳酸菌的空白处理组，4个水平]复配进行2×4双因素完全随机青贮添加剂试验。青贮45 d后，检测青贮饲料各指标并进行双因素方差分析。结果发现：添加枯草芽孢杆菌极显著影响五节芒青贮饲料的乳酸含量、pH值、氨态氮∶总氮、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素和粗蛋白含量（P<0.01），显著影响纤维素、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量和干物质损失率（P<0.05）；不同类型乳酸菌除了不影响粗脂肪和丙酸含量外，对其他指标均有极显著影响（P<0.01）；二者互作对五节芒的主要发酵品质、纤维品质和营养品质均有极显著影响（P<0.01）。除BS0LP组（仅添加植物乳杆菌处理组）有氧稳定时间是113 h，其他处理组均超过240 h。灰色关联度分析法对8个处理组进行综合排序发现，枯草芽孢杆菌与植物乳杆菌复配对提高五节芒青贮品质效果最优；布氏乳杆菌单独使用或与枯草芽孢杆菌复配效果均欠佳。

关键词: 五节芒, 枯草芽孢杆菌, 嗜酸乳杆菌, 布氏乳杆菌, 植物乳杆菌, 青贮品质

Abstract: To investigate the approach for enhancing the quality of Miscanthus floridulus silage through the addition of microbial compounds， this study designed a 2×4 two-factor completely randomized silage additive experiment. The experiment combined Bacillus subtilis （with or without addition， two levels） with different fermentation types of lactic acid bacteria （Lactobacillus acidophilus， L. buchneri， L. plantarum， and a control group without lactic acid bacteria addition， four levels）. After 45 days of ensiling， various indicators of the silage feed were measured， and a two-factor analysis of variance was performed. The results showed that the addition of B. subtilis significantly influenced the lactate content， pH， NH3-N∶TN， crude fiber （CF）， neutral detergent fiber （NDF）， acid detergent fiber （ADF）， hemicellulose （HC）， and crude protein （CP） of Miscanthus floridulus silage （P<0.01）， and also had a significant effect on cellulose （CL）， ether extract （EE）， crude ash （Ash）， and dry matter loss （DM loss） （P<0.05）. Different types of lactic acid bacteria significantly affected all indicators except EE and PA （P<0.01）. The interaction between two factors significantly impacted the main fermentation quality， fiber quality， and nutritional quality of Miscanthus floridulus （P<0.01）. Except for the BS0LP group （the group with only L. plantarum addition）， which had an aerobic stability time of 113 hours， the aerobic stability time of all other treatment groups exceeded 240 hours. The grey relational analysis of eight treatment groups showed that the combination of B. subtilis and L. plantarum had the most favorable effect on improving the quality of Miscanthus floridulus silage. The effect of L. buchneri alone or in combination with B. subtilis was less satisfactory.

Key words: Miscabthus floridulus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. buchneri, L. plantarum, Silage quality

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