草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1546-1556.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.04.035

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

外源硫酸铵对再生糯高粱青贮发酵特性及饲用安全性的影响

黄家豪1, 翟建荣2, 张庆田3, 张书香1, 马筱涵1, 郭彦军1   

  1. 1. 青岛农业大学草业学院, 山东 青岛 266109;
    2. 西南大学动物科学与技术学院, 重庆 400716;
    3. 内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市鄂温克族自治旗农畜产品质量安全中心, 内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26 修回日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 郭彦军，E-mail：qhgyj@qau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄家豪（1999-），男，汉族，山东临沂人，硕士研究生，主要从事饲草生产与草产品加工研究，E-mail：1580080857@qq.com；
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目 （2023YFF1304303）资助

Effects of Exogenous Ammonium Sulfate on the Fermentation Characteristics and Feed Safety of Ratooning Waxy Sorghum Silage

HUANG Jia-hao1, ZHAI Jian-rong2, ZHANG Qing-tian3, ZHANG Shu-xiang1, MA Xiao-han1, GUO Yan-jun1   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
    3. Agricultural and Livestock Product Quality Safety Center of Evenk Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia 021000, China
  • Received:2025-05-26 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要： 为探究外源硫酸铵对再生糯高粱[Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench]青贮品质及氢氰酸（HCN）降解的调控作用，本研究以再生糯高粱为材料，设硫酸铵添加水平为0%，0.3%和0.5%（干物质基础），开展为期60 d的青贮试验，监测发酵特性、营养品质、饲用性能及HCN动态变化，并采用主成分分析与冗余分析综合评价处理效果。结果表明，硫酸铵显著改善青贮品质与安全性：0.5%处理使粗蛋白含量提高12.3%，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维分别降低至43.82%和27.60%；乳酸与乙酸含量分别提高35.7%和28.4%，促进7 d内pH值快速降至4.2以下；HCN在7~15 d阶段降解速率提高40%，60 d后残留量低于170 mg·kg-1，降解率达53%。饲用性能方面，相对饲用价值（Relative feed value，RFV）和相对饲用品质（Relative forage quality，RFQ）分别提升至160和180。综合分析表明，添加0.4%~0.6%硫酸铵可显著提升再生糯高粱的营养品质和饲用安全性，使其达到优质青贮标准（RFV>145，HCN<200 mg·kg-1），为粒用高粱“粮饲兼用”模式提供技术支撑。

关键词: 再生糯高粱, 硫酸铵, 青贮品质, 氢氰酸, 饲用价值

Abstract: To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous ammonium sulfate on the silage quality and hydrogen cyanide （HCN） degradation of regrowth waxy sorghum [Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench]， a 60-day silage experiment was conducted with three addition levels of ammonium sulfate （0%， 0.3%， and 0.5% of dry matter）. Fermentation characteristics， nutritional composition， feeding value， and HCN dynamics were continuously monitored. Principal component analysis （PCA） and redundancy analysis （RDA） were employed for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that ammonium sulfate significantly improved both nutritional quality and silage safety. The 0.5% ammonium sulfate treatment increased crude protein by 12.3%， while neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） decreased to 43.82% and 27.60%， respectively. Lactic and acetic acid concentrations increased by 35.7% and 28.4%， accelerating acidification （pH<4.2 within 7 days） and suppressing undesirable microorganisms. HCN degradation rate increased by 40% between 7 and 15 days， with final residual content below 170 mg·kg-1 and a degradation rate of 53% after 60 days. Feeding performance was also enhanced， with relative feed value （RFV） and relative forage quality （RFQ） reaching 160 and 180， respectively. Overall， ammonium sulfate at 0.4%-0.6% of dry matter effectively improved silage fermentation， nutritional quality， and safety， meeting the standards for high-quality forage （RFV>145， HCN<200 mg·kg-1） and providing a scientific basis for developing the “grain-forage dual-purpose” sorghum production model.

Key words: Ratooning sorghum, Ammonium sulfate, Silage quality, Hydrogen cyanide, feeding value

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