氮肥和种植密度对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.01.010

草地学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 80-87.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.01.010

氮肥和种植密度对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响

贾志锋^1,2, 马祥², 琚泽亮², 刘凯强², 赵桂琴¹

1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院, 甘肃兰州 730070;
2. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2020-08-30 修回日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2021-01-08
通讯作者: 赵桂琴
作者简介:贾志锋(1978-),男,甘肃金昌人,副研究员,博士研究生,主要从事牧草栽培育种研究,E-mail:jzhfeng@163.com
基金资助:
青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项（2020-ZJ-Y03），国家燕麦荞麦产业体系（CARS-07）资助

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Oat Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Cell Structure

JIA Zhi-feng^1,2, MA Xiang², JU Ze-liang², LIU Kai-qiang², ZHAO Gui-qin¹

1. College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China

Received:2020-08-30 Revised:2020-10-20 Published:2021-01-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同施氮量和播种量对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响，本研究以'青燕1号’燕麦为材料，采用随机区组设计，设置60，180和300 kg·hm^-23个播种量，每个播种量设0，90和180 kg·hm^-23个施氮量，研究不同氮肥和种植密度互作下叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的差异。结果表明：增加种植密度会引起超氧阴离子（Superoxide anion，O₂^-）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量升高，加速燕麦叶片的衰老，增施氮肥可以适当缓解这一现象。施氮肥后低种植密度下叶片的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白（Soluble protein，SP）含量提升。氮肥因素对上、下表皮厚度影响更大，高密度种植下施氮量增加会使叶片厚度变薄。低氮密植有利于减小相邻维管束间距，增加单位面积的维管束数量。低种植密度下各施氮水平均保持较高的叶绿体数量。因此，低密度种植和适量施肥有利于增加叶片的光合效率、延缓衰老。

关键词: 燕麦, 氮肥, 密度, 叶片衰老, 细胞结构

Abstract: To explore effects of different nitrogen application rates and sowing rates on the oat leaf senescence characteristics and cell structure,in this study ‘Qingyan No. 1’ was selected as material,a random block design was adopted with three different sowing rates:60 (D1),180 (D2),and 300(D3) kg·hm^-2. For each sowing rate,three different nitrogen application rates were designated as 0 (N0),90 (N1) and 180(N2) kg·hm^-2,the differences in leaf senescence characteristics and cell structure under the interaction of different nitrogen application rates and sowing rates were studied. The results showed that increasing the plant density would increase the content of reactive oxygen species (O₂^-) and malondialdehyde (MDA),and accelerate the senescence of oat leaves,however,increased application of nitrogen fertilizer appropriately alleviated this phenomenon. After applying nitrogen fertilizer,the antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD,POD and CAT) and soluble protein (SP) content of leaves under low planting density increased. Nitrogen fertilizer had a greater impact on the upper and lower epidermis,and the increase in nitrogen application under high-density planting made the leaf thickness thinner. Low nitrogen dense planting is beneficial to reduce the spacing of adjacent vascular bundles and increase the number of vascular bundles per unit area. Under low planting density,each nitrogen level maintains a relatively high number of chloroplasts. Therefore,low-density planting and proper fertilization are beneficial to increase leaf photosynthetic efficiency and delay senescence.

Key words: Oat, Nitrogen fertilizer, Plant density, Leaf senescence, Cell structure

中图分类号:

S512.6

贾志锋, 马祥, 琚泽亮, 刘凯强, 赵桂琴. 氮肥和种植密度对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(1): 80-87.

JIA Zhi-feng, MA Xiang, JU Ze-liang, LIU Kai-qiang, ZHAO Gui-qin. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Oat Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Cell Structure[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(1): 80-87.

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氮肥和种植密度对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Oat Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Cell Structure

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