草地学报

›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 114-122.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

甜高粱栽培技术研究

李春喜1, 冯海生1, 赵延贵2, 姚雪红2, 白生贵3, 李永仁4   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810001;
    2. 青海省民和县农业技术推广中心, 青海 民和 810800;
    3. 青海省湟中县草原站, 青海 湟中 811600;
    4. 青海春源畜牧有限公司, 青海 湟中 811603
  • 收稿日期:2012-07-30 修回日期:2012-11-22 出版日期:2013-02-15 发布日期:2013-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 李春喜
  • 作者简介:李春喜(1959-),男,河南新乡人,副研究员,学士,主要从事作物遗传育种与栽培学研究,E-mail:cxli@nwipb.cas.cn;
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅项目(2012-N-504);西宁市科技局项目(2010-X-01);青海省作物分子育种重点实验室资助

Sweet Sorghum Cultivation Techniques

LI Chun-xi1, FENG Hai-sheng1, ZHAO Yan-gui2, YAO Xue-hong2, BAI Sheng-gui3, LI Yong-ren4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    2. Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Minhe County, Minhe, Qinghai Province 810800, China;
    3. Grassland Station of Huangzhong County, Huangzhong, Qinghai Province 811600, Chain;
    4. Chunyuan Animal Husbandry Limited Company of Qinghai, Huangzhong, Qinghai Province 811603, China
  • Received:2012-07-30 Revised:2012-11-22 Online:2013-02-15 Published:2013-02-27

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摘要： 为探索甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)在青海高原丰产、高产栽培技术,在不同海拔生态区开展了播期、密度、追肥、刈割、地膜比较试验。结果表明:海拔2100 m生态区甜高粱适宜播种期是4月26日-5月7日;海拔1850 m适宜密度为8.25万株·hm-2;生长中期追施1次N肥(尿素)112.5~225.0 kg·hm-2,鲜重产量提高13.39%~26.94%,茎秆糖锤度提高3.16%~26.14%;刈割1次比刈割2次总鲜重产量略低,差异不显著,茎秆糖锤度提高17.02%~255.65%;铺地膜比不铺地膜增产5.56%~15.85%,茎秆糖锤度提高5.76%~54.03%,且籽粒能成熟,不铺地膜籽粒不能成熟。海拔2300 m适宜密度为16.50~21.00万株·hm-2;生长中期追施1次N肥增产1.81%~27.39%,茎秆糖锤度提高2.33%~40.40%;刈割1次比刈割2次的总鲜重产量极显著增加(P<0.01),增产64.46%~155.88%,茎秆糖锤度提高199.52%~288.89%,因此不易刈割。

关键词: 甜高粱, 播种期, 密度, 追肥, 试验

Abstract: In order to explore high-yielding cultural techniques of sweet sorghum in Qinghai plateau, comparison tests for sowing date, density, top dressing, mowing, and mulch were carried out for different elevations. Results showed that suitable dates for sowing sweet sugar sorghum in the ecological region at 2100 m in Qinghai-Tibet plateau were from 26th Apr to 7th May. For 1850 m elevation, the suitable density was 8.25?104 plants per hm2. Fresh weight was enhanced by 13.39%~26.94% and stem sugar matrix was enhanced by 3.16%~26.14% when 112.5~225.0 kg穐m-2 N fertilizer (urea) was applied during the middle growing period. Compared to the treatment of two-cutting, the fresh weight of one-cutting was lower with no significant difference, and stem sugar matrix enhanced 17.02%~255.65%. For the treatment of plastic membrane covering, yield was enhanced by 5.56%~15.85% with mature grain and stem sugar matrix was enhance by 5.76%~54.03% compared to non-plastic membrane covering. At 2300 m elevation, suitable density was 16.5?104~21.0?104; yield was enhanced by 1.81%~27.39% and sugar matrix was enhanced by 2.33%~40.40% when N fertilizer was applied in the middle growing stage. Compared to two-cutting treatment, fresh weight (64.46%~155.88%) was significantly higher and stem sugar matrix was enhanced by 199.52%~288.89% in one-cutting treatment. Therefore, the cultural technique of cutting is not suitable for sweet sorghum in the region of 2300 m altitude.

Key words: Sweet sorghum, Sowing time, Density, Chemical fertilizers volume, Test

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