草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 1497-1509.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.05.016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

柴达木轻度盐碱地不同燕麦品种生产性能比较研究

吴文琪1, 徐成体1,2, 蒲小剑1,2, 赵媛媛1,2, 葛容琳1, 王伟1,2   

  1. 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 农业农村部西北耕地保育及边际土地改良企业重点实验室, 青海 德令哈 817000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-09 修回日期:2024-08-27 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 王伟,E-mail:47360505@qq.com
  • 作者简介:吴文琪（1998-），男，汉族，安徽亳州人，硕士研究生，主要从事饲草生产及加工利用研究，E-mail：3102299569@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省重大科技专项（2023-NK-A3）资助

Comparative Study on Production Performance of Different Oat Varieties in Mild Saline-Alkali Land of Qaidam

WU Wen-qi1, XU Cheng-ti1,2, PU Xiao-jian1,2, ZHAO Yuan-yuan1,2, GE Rong-lin1, WANG Wei1,2   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. Northwest Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Conservation and Marginal Land Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Delingha, Qinghai Province 817000, China
  • Received:2024-07-09 Revised:2024-08-27 Published:2025-05-20

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摘要： 通过比较15个饲用燕麦（Avena sativa）品种在柴达木轻度盐碱地的生产性能，为该地区饲用燕麦适应性研究提供参考。本试验通过对供试燕麦的主要农艺性状、营养品质等指标进行分析比较，并采用主成分分析法和隶属函数法对供试品种的主要指标进行综合评价。结果表明：15份供试燕麦在试验区均能完成生育期，生育期在115~146 d，生长速率符合“S”型生长曲线的趋势。随着生育期的推进，供试燕麦干草产量逐步增加并于乳熟期达到最大，其中，‘大富翁’干草产量（11 666.67 kg·hm-2）最高（P<0.05）。‘青海甜燕麦’（124.87 cm）株高最高（P<0.05）。‘牧乐思’鲜干比（3.98）最高（P<0.05）。‘青引1号’粗脂肪（2.22%）、粗蛋白（9.12%）及植物体内总盐含量（60.67 g·kg-1）均最高（P<0.05）。‘牧王’酸性洗涤纤维（32.07%）最低，‘青引2号’中性洗涤纤维（57.03%）最低（P<0.05）。综合评价得出，‘青引1号’‘牧乐思’和‘青甜1号’综合表现位居前列，是柴达木轻度盐碱地理想种植的燕麦品种。

关键词: 柴达木, 轻度盐碱地, 燕麦, 生产性能, 主成分分析, 隶属函数

Abstract: The production performance of 15 forage oat （Avena sativa） varieties in mild saline-alkali land of Qaidam was compared to provide a reference for the study of the adaptability of forage oats in this area. This experiment analyzed and compared the main agronomic traits， nutritional quality and other indexes of the test oats. And the principal component analysis method and the affiliation function method were used to comprehensively evaluate the main indexes of the test varieties. The results showed that 15 oat varieties could complete the growth period in the experimental area， and the growth period was 115-146 d. The growth rate follows the trend of a “S” shaped growth curve. With the advancement of the growth period， the hay yield of oats increased gradually and reached the maximum at the milky stage. Among them， the hay yield of ‘Dafuweng’ （11 666.67 kg·hm-2） was the highest （P<0.05）. The plant height of ‘Qinghai sweet oat’ （124.87 cm） was the highest （P<0.05）. The fresh-to-dry ratio （3.98） of ‘Molasses’ was the highest （P<0.05）. The crude fat （2.22%）， crude protein （9.12%） and total salt content （60.67 g·kg-1） of ‘Qingyin No. 1’ were the highest （P<0.05）. The acid detergent fiber （32.07%） of ‘Haymaker’ was the lowest， and the neutral detergent fiber （57.03%） of ‘Qingyin No.2’ was the lowest （P<0.05）. According to the comprehensive evaluation， ‘Qingyin No.1’，‘Molasses’ and ‘Qingtian No.1’ had the highest comprehensive performance and were the ideal oat varieties for planting in mild saline-alkali land in Qaidam.

Key words: Qaidam, Mild saline-alkali land, Oats, Production performance, Principal component analysis, Membership function

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